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bdkbZ—22% {ks=kh; izn'kZu III% fons'kh O;kikj ,oa Hkqxrku larqyu
22-4 lkjka'k (Summary) uksV
Hkkjr ljdkj us Hkkjrh; fons'kh O;kikj osQ oLrq&oxhZdj.k dks 1987&88 ls la'kksf/r dj fn;k gS]
1987&88 osQ ckn osQ vkadM+s blls igys osQ dky ls rqyuh; ugha gSaA geus 1970&71 vkSj 1980&81
osQ vkadM+ka dks iquoxhZÑr djosQ oqQN gn rd rqyuh; cukus dk iz;kl fd;k gSA
vEckjh vk;kr osQ rhu vax gSaμ(i) isVªksfy;e :{k ,oa mRikn] (ii) vEckjh miHkksx oLrq,¡ ftuesa vukt
vkSj nkysa] [kk|&rsy vkSj phuh 'kkfey fd, tkrs gSa vkSj (iii) vU; vEckjh enksa esa moZjd] vykSg èkkrq,¡]
dkxt ,oa xÙkk] jcM+] xqn~nk ,oa jn~nh dkxt] [kfut v;Ld ykSg rFkk bLikr 'kkfey dh tkrh gSaA
Hkkjr osQ fu;kZr dk <k¡pk ,d vYifodflr vFkZO;oLFkk dk izk:i gSA Hkkjr ikjLifjd :i esa Ñf"k
lEcUèkh dPps eky vkSj bu ij vkèkkfjr fu£er oLrqvksa dk fu;kZrd jgk gSA
Hkkjr osQ fons'kh O;kikj dh {ks=kh; fn'kk (Regional direction) dk vè;u djus osQ fy, fo'o dks eksVs
rkSj ij pkj cM+s oxks± esa ck¡V ysuk mfpr gksxk vFkkZr~ vesfjdk] ;wjksi] ,f'k;k ,oa vks'kfu;k (Oceania)
vkSj vÚhdkA
,sfrgkfld :i esa 1947 rd Hkkjr la;qDr jkT; dk ,d mifuos'k gksus osQ dkj.k ;w- osQ- ds lkFk ?kfu"B
O;kikfjd lEcUèk j[krk FkkA blosQ ;wjksi osQ vU; ns'kksa osQ lkFk Hkh O;kikfjd lEcUèk FksA
gky gh osQ o"kks± esa iwohZ; ;wjksi osQ ns'kksa vFkkZr~ ;w-,l-,l-vkj-] ikySaM] :ekfu;k] cqYxkfj;k] pSdksLyksokfd;k]
;wxksLykfo;k osQ lkFk gekjk O;kikj fodflr gqvk gSA bu ns'kksa ls vk;kr dh eq[; ensa gSaμykSg ,oa
bLikr] vykSg èkkrq,¡] jlk;u] iw¡th lkt&lkeku] jsyos LVksj] dkxt] nokb;k¡ ,oa vkS"kfèk;k¡ vkSj
iSVªksfy;e mRiknA
O;kikj&'ks"k esa vn`'; enksa ls izkIr 'kq¼ vk; tksM+dj pkyw [kkrs ij Hkqxrku&'ks"k (Balance of
payments on current account) izkIr fd;k tkrk gSA
Hkqxrku&'ks"k dh lqfoèkk dh n`f"V ls oxhZdj.k (d) pkyw [kkrs ij Hkqxrku&'ks"k] vkSj ([k) iw¡th [kkrs
ij Hkqxrku&'ks"k osQ :i esa fd;k tkrk gSA
Hkkjr us vn`'; enksa ls izkfIr;ksa osQ ckjs esa ljkguh; liQyrk izkIr dh gSA blosQ ifj.kkeLo:i] u osQoy
O;kikj&?kkVs dks lekIr fd;k x;k cfYd vn`'; enksa osQ vfrjsd (Invisibles Surplus) us pkyw [kkrs
ij O;kikj&'ks"k dks Hkh ldkjkRed cuk fn;kA
pkgs ljdkj fdlh ,d o"kZ osQ nkSjku Hkqxrku&'ks"k osQ ?kkVs dks iwjk djus osQ fy, lafpr fons'kh eqnzk
fjtoZ dk iz;ksx dj ys] ;k vUrjkZ"Vªh; eqnzk dks"k ls Í.k izkIr dj ys ;k fons'kh Í.k ;k vuqnku izkIr
dj ys] ijUrq ns'k bl izdkj vius yxkrkj cus gq, Hkqxrku&'ks"k dh leL;k dk lek/ku ugha dj ldrkA
tc rd Hkqxrku&'ks"k esa fujUrj ?kkVk mRiUu djus okys ewy dkj.krRo dk;e jgrs gSa] ns'k Hkqxrku&'ks"k
esa izfrowQyrk vuqHko djrk jgsxkA
22-5 'kCndks'k (Keywords)
z z z z z izfrlkjμmYVh fn'kk esa tkus okys
z z z z z izkj{k.kμdk;Z] ckr vkfn dks fuf'pr :i ls igys gh vyx djuk fjT+kosZ'ku
22-6 vH;kl&iz'u ( Review Questions)
1. Hkkjrh; fons'kh O;kikj dh lajpuk ij izdk'k Mkfy,A
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