Page 373 - DECO502_INDIAN_ECONOMIC_POLICY_HINDI

bdkbZμ26% ckjgoka ,oa rsjgoka foÙk vk;ksx

vius nLrkos”kksa es ajkT;ksa us ;g ekax dh fd foHkktuh; laxzg (Divisible pool) dk tks Hkkx X;kjgosa foÙk vk;ksx uksV
us 29-5 izfr'kr rd r; fd;k Fkk] mls c<+k dj 33 izfr'kr dj fn;k tk,A dbZ jkT;ksa us rks bls c<+kdj 50 izfr'kr
djus dh Hkh ekax dhA vk;ksx us vUrr% ;g fu.kZ; fd;k fd bls c<+kdj 30-5 izfr'kr dj fn;k tk, &1 izfr'kr
dh o`f¼A okLro esa ;g vfrfjDr mRikn&'kqYd tksfd phuh] rEckowQ ,oa VSDlVkby ij yxk;k x;k gS] mlosQ cnys
esa gSA
tgka rd lexz vUrj.kksa (Transfer) dk lEcUèk gS] X;kgjosa foÙk vk;ksx us bUgsa osQUnz osQ ldy jktLo (Gross
Revenue) dk 37-5 izfr'kr r; fd;k FkkA foÙk ea=kky; us oLrqr% ckjgosa foÙk vk;ksx dks ;g fuosnu fd;k fd
fiNys vk;ksx osQ fu.kZ; ij iqufoZpkj djsaA vr% 12osa foÙk vk;ksx us lHkh izdkj osQ n`f"Vdks.kksa ftuesa vUrj.k dh
,sfrgkfld izo`fÙk;ka Hkh Fkha] ij fopkj fd;kA
12osa foÙk vk;ksx us ;g ik;k fd osQUnz osQ ldy jktLo dk yxHkx 38 izfr'kr jkT;ksa dk gLrkarfjd fd;k tkrk
gSA blesa ,d Hkkx foÙk vk;ksx osQ vfèkfu.kZ; osQ vkèkkj ij izkIr gksrk gS vkSj nwljk Hkkx ;kstuk vk;ksx ls vuqnku
(Grants) ,oa vU; lzksrksa ls izkIr gksrk gSA vk;ksx us laizx ljdkj osQ jk"Vªh; U;wure lk>s dk;ZØe ij Hkh è;ku
fn;k ftlesa ;g ekax dh x;h Fkh fd jkT;ksa dk Hkkx osQUnz osQ oqQy jktLo osQ foHkktuh; laxzg esa c<+uk pkfg,A
bu lc ckrksa dks n`f"V esa j[krs gq, ckjgosa foÙk vk;ksx us osQUnzh; oqQy jktLo dk 38 izfr'kr jkT;ksa esa ckaVus dk
fu.kZ; fd;kμX;kjgosa foÙk vk;ksx dh rqyuk esa osQoy vkèks izfr'kr dh o`f¼A
lery lgHkktu (Horizontal sharing)—vUrj.k osQ lery i{k dk lEcUèk ns'k osQ foHkktuh; laxzg
(Shareable pool) dk jkT;ksa esa forj.k gSA ;fn Hkkjrh; la?k osQ lHkh jkT;ksa dh izfrO;fDr vk; cjkcj ;k yxHkx
cjkcj gksrh vkSj ;fn lHkh jkT;ksa dh jktdks"kh; {kerk (Fiscal capacity) Hkh leku gksrh] rks jkT;ksa osQ chp vUrj.k
(Transfers) dh leL;k lkèkkj.k gksrh vFkkZr~ izR;sd jkT; dks izfr O;fDr leku vUrj.kA okLro esa] buesa dkiQh
lery vlarqyu (Horizontal imbalances) gSaA jkT;ksa esa {ks=kiQy] tula[;k] vk;] dj&vkèkkj (Tax base), ou
rFkk [kfut lEifÙk vkfn osQ :i esa vUrj ik, tkrs gSaA jkT;ksa dh {kerkvksa vkSj vko';drkvksa esa Hksn gSa vkSj
lsokvksa dks miyCèk djkus dh ykxrksa esa Hkh vUrj gSaA ns'k osQ lHkh jkT;ksa esa osQUnzh; lalkèkuksa osQ forj.k osQ vkèkkj
ij bu vlarqyuksa dks nq#Lr djuk gksxkA
ckjgosa foÙk vk;ksx us bl eqís ij iqjkus foÙk vk;ksxksa dh fliQkfj'kksa vkSj fofHkUu jkT;ksa }kjk fuEufyf[kr fo"k;ksa ij
fn, x, Kkiuksa ij fopkj fd;kμ
(d) tula[;k osQ iz;ksx dks ,d dkj.krRo osQ :i esa tkjh j[kuk_
([k) fdlh jkT; dh izfr O;fDr vk; dk vfèkdre izfrO;fDr vk; esa vUrj_
(x) {ks=kiQy dks ,d dkj.krRo osQ :i esa tkjh j[kuk_ vkSj
(?k) dj&iz;kl vkSj jktdks"kh; vuq'kklu dh dlkSVh dks tkjh j[kukA

Åij nh x;h dlkSfV;ksa esa dksbZ Hkh rVLFk dlkSVh ugha gSA vHkh rd izR;sd foÙk vk;ksx }kjk ;g iz;kl fd;k gS
fd fHkUu&fHkUu dlkSfV;ksa vkSj izR;sd dlkSVh osQ fy, fHkUu Hkkj (Weights) r; fd, tk,a rkfd lekurk dh mfpr
gn rd izkfIr dh tk losQA ijUrq O;ogkj esa ,slk djuk laHko ugha vkSj izR;sd vk;ksx dh vkykspuk mu jkT;ksa
}kjk dh x;h ftUgksaus ;g eglwl fd;k fd mUgsa osQUnzh; foHkktuh; laxzg (Central Shareable Pool) dk cM+k Hkkx
feyuk pkfg, FkkA

lcls igys tula[;k dkj.krRo dh dlkSVh dkss gh ysa tksfd lkoZtfud oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa dh vko';drk dhewy
lwpd gSA blls lHkh jkT;ksa esa izfr O;fDr leku lalkèku&gLrkarfjr fd, tkrs gSaA ;g ckr lHkh foÙk vk;ksxksa }kjk
Lohdkj dh x;h] pkgs vyx&vyx foÙk vk;ksxksa us bls fHkUu&fHkUu egÙo ;k Hkkj (Weight) fn;kA bl lEcUèk
esa ckjgosa foÙk vk;ksx us mYys[k fd;k% ¶gky gh osQ o"kks± esa] lkrosa vkSj vkBosa foÙk v;ksx }kjk tula[;k dks
22-5 izfr'kr ls 25 izfr'kr egRo (Hkkj) fn;k x;kA bl Hkkj dks ukSosa foÙk vk;ksx us de djosQ 20 izfr'kr vkSj

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 367