Page 89 - DECO502_INDIAN_ECONOMIC_POLICY_HINDI

bdkbZμ6% vk£Fkd fodkl osQ lwpd ,oa tukafddh; fo'ks"krk,¡

ns'k dh izfr O;fDr vk; 7]000 oLrq,¡ o lsok,¡ gksaxhA bl vk/kj ij lgh fu"d"kZ ;g izkIr gksrk gS fd X ns'k uksV
esa miHkksx dk Lrj Y ns'k osQ miHkksx osQ Lrj ls Å¡pk gSA blhfy, vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa us Ø;'kfDr lerk lwpdkad
(Purchasing Power Parity Index) rS;kj fd;k ftlosQ vk/kj ij Ø;'kfDr lerk osQ :i esa fofHkUu ns'kksa dh
izfr O;fDr vk; dks fo'o cSad O;Dr djrk gSA Ø;'kfDr lerk osQ vk/kj ij Hkkjr dh izfr O;fDr vk; 1998
esa 1]700 Mkyj Fkh vkSj bl vk/kj ij Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk fo'o dh pkSFkh cM+h vFkZO;oLFkk gS ijUrq vf/dka'k
vFkZ'kkL=kh Ø;'kfDr lerk lwpdkad dks vk£Fkd fodkl dh ekiu dh ,d vPNh fof/ ugha ekurs gSaA
(iii) ekuo fodkl lwpdkad (Human Development Index, HDI)μl;qaDr jk"Vª fodkl dk;ZØe
(United Nations Deveopment Programme, UNDP) osQ lkFk tqVs gq, vFkZ'kkL=kh egcwcy gd us fodkl
osQ ,d loZekU; lwpdkad dks fodflr djus dh fn'kk esa lcls igys iz;kl 'kq: fd;kA muosQ dgus ij ukscy
iqjLdkj ls lEekfur izks- ,- osQ- lsu rFkk izks- ¯lxj gal osQ usr`Ro esa vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa osQ ,d lewg us ekuo fodkl
lwpdkad (HDI) fodflr fd;kA HDI dh iwjh /kj.kk bl ekU;rk ij vk/kfjr gS fd ¶fdlh jk"Vª esa jgus okys
yksx gh ml jk"Vª dh okLrfod lEifÙk gSA¸ vk£Fkd fodkl dk ewy mís'; ,d ,slk okrkoj.k rS;kj djuk gS
ftlls yksx yEcs] LoLFk rFkk l`tukRed thou dk vkuUn mBk losaQA
ekuo fodkl izfrosnu osQ vuqlkj ¶ekuo fodkl yksxksa dh ilUnfx;ksa osQ foLr`r djus dh ,d izfØ;k gSA¸
;s ilUnfx;k¡ vusd gks ldrh gSa vkSj bu ilUnfx;ksa esa le; osQ lkFk ifjorZu gks ldrk gS] ij fodkl osQ
izR;sd Lrj ij rhu vko';d ilUnfx;k¡ gSa vkSj ;s gSaμyEch vkSj LoLFk ftUnxh thus dh bPNk] Kku izkIr dus
dh vfHkyk"kk vkSj ,d [kwclwjr ftUnxh O;rhr djus osQ fy, vko';d lalk/uksa rd igq¡pus dh bPNkA ;fn
;s rhuksa ilUnfx;k¡ miyC/ ugha gS rks O;fDr dks vusd voljksa ls oafpr gksuk iM+sxkA vr% O;fDr dks ,d
[kwclwjr ftUnxh O;rhr djus osQ fy, (v) vko';drkvksa dks lUrq"V djus osQ fy, vk;] (c) f'k{kk rFkk (l)
LokLF; vko';d gSA bl izdkj HDI rhu vk/kjHkwr igyqvksa esa miyfC/;ksa dk ,d fefJr lwpd gSμ,d yEck
o LoLFk thou] f'k{kk ;k Kku rFkk mRÑ"V thou LrjA
ekuo fodkl lwpdkad dk fuekZ.k (Construction of HDI)
fdlh ns'k osQ HDI dk ewY; fudkyus osQ fy, rhu lwpdksa dks fy;k tkrk gS %
(1) nh?kkZ;q ftls tUe osQ le; thou dh lEHkkO;rk }kjk ekik tkrk gSμ25 o"kZ rFkk 85 o"kZA
(2) 'kSf{kd ;ksX;rkvksa dh izkfIr ftls o;Ld f'k{kk (nks&frgkbZ Hkkj) rFkk izkFkfed] ekè;fed o {ks=kh;
fo|ky;ksa es mifLFkr vuqikrksa (,d&frgkbZ Hkkj) osQ feJ.k vuqikrμ0» ls 100»A
(3) thou Lrj ftls Mkyj dh Ø;'kfDr lerk (Purchasing Power Parity) ij vk/kfjr okLrfod
izfr O;fDr GDP }kjk ekik tkrk gSA
HDI thou dh lEHkkO;rk lwpd] 'kSf{kd izkfIr;k¡ lwpd rFkk lek;ksftr okLrfod izfr O;fDr GDP lwpd dk
1
ljy vkSlr lwpd gSA bldh x.kuk bu rhu laosQrdksa osQ ;ksx dks 3 ls foHkkftr dj fudkyh tkrh gSA blesa
izR;sd pj dk U;wure rFkk vf/dre ewY; fLFkj gS ftls ?kVkdj 'kwU; (0) rFkk ,d (1) osQ chp iSekus ij
j[kk x;k gS rFkk izR;sd ns'k bl iSekus ds fdlh u fdlh fcUnq ij vkrk gSA ,sls ns'k ftudk HDI ewY; 0-5
ls de gS] mUgsa fuEu Lrj osQ ekuo fodkl Øe esa j[kk tkrk gS rFkk 0-5 ls 0-8 ewY; okys ns'kksa dks eè;e
rFkk 0-8 ls Åij HDI ewY; okys ns'k mPp Lrj esa fxus tkrs gSaA HDI esa ns'kksa dks muosQ izfr O;fDr GDP osQ
vk/kj ij Hkh Øec¼ fd;k tkrk gSA
(iv) vU; funsZ'kkad (Other Index)μfo'o vk£Fkd eap (World Economic Forum) us Hkh vk£Fkd
fodkl osQ ekid funsZ'kkad lq>k, gSa ftlesa ls oqQN izeq[k fuEufyf[kr gSa %
(v) izkS|ksfxdh funsZ'kkad (Technology Index)μ;g funsZ'kkad fdlh ns'k esa izkS|ksfxdh osQ Lrj dk
ekiu djuk gSA blosQ vUrxZr fons'k ls izkS|ksfxdh dk vk;kr vkSj uoksUes"k (Innovation) esa ns'kksa dh Hkkxhnkjh
1. HDI is a simple average of life expectancy index, educational attainment index and the ad-
justed real GDP per capita index.

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