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Hkkjrh; vkfFkZd uhfr
uksV fiNM+s oxks± osQ mRFkku rFkk fiNM+s {ks=kksa osQ fodkl ij cy nsuk vkSj mfpr dherksa ,oa n{k forj.k iz.kkyh }kjk
vko';d oLrqvksa dks xjhc oxks± dks tqVkuk gSA
vk£Fkd fodkl osQ eki osQ :i esa GNP vFkok GNP izfr O;fDr ls vlarq"V gksdj] oqQN
vFkZ'kkfÏ;ksa us vk£Fkd fodkl dks lkekftd vFkok ewyHkwr (vkèkkjHkwr) vko';drk lwpd osQ :i
esa ekiuk izkjaHk fd;k gSA
fofHkUu vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa] vUrjkZ"Vªh; laLFkkvksa] tSlsμfo'o vk£Fkd eap (World Economic Forum), fo'o cSad
(World Bank) vkfn us fofHkUu lkekftd o vk£Fkd funsZ'kkadksa osQ }kjk fofHkUu ns'kksa osQ vk£Fkd fodkl osQ Lrj
dks ekius dk iz;kl fd;k gSA muesa ls oqQN izeq[k funsZ'kkadksa (Indices) dk vè;;u ge vkxs dj jgs gSaμ
(i) lkekftd vFkok ewyHkwr vko';drk lwpd (Social or Basic Needs Indicator)μfodkl osQ jk"Vªh;
vk; izfr O;fDr eki ls vlUrq"V gksdj 1970 dh n'kkCnh ls vk£Fkd fopkjdksa us fodkl izfØ;k dh xq.koÙkk
dh vksj è;ku nsuk izkjEHk fd;k gS ftlosQ vuqlkj os rhu fofHkUu ijUrq iwjd] jkstxkj dks c<+kus] xjhch dks nwj
djus rFkk vk; vkSj /u dh vlekurkvksa dks de djus osQ fy, ewyHkwr ekuoh; vko';drkvksa (Basic
Human Needs) dh owQVuhfr ij tksj nsrs gSaA
bl owQVuhfr osQ vUrxZr ewyHkwr U;wure vko';drkvksa osQ izcU/ osQ vfrfjDr jkstxkj osQ lqvoljksa] fiNM+s oxks±
osQ mRFkku rFkk fiNM+s {ks=kksa osQ fodkl ij cy nsuk vkSj mfpr dherksa ,oa n{k forj.k iz.kkyh }kjk vko';d
oLrqvksa dks xjhc oxks± dks tqVkuk gSA
1
fgDl vkSj LVªhVu ewyHkwr vko';drkvksa osQ fy, N% lkekftd lwpdksa ij fopkj djrs gSaμ
ewy vko';drk lwpd
(1) LokLF; tUe osQ le; thou dh izR;k'kk
(2) f'k{kk izkFkfed f'k{kk fo|ky;ksa esa tula[;k osQ izfr'kr osQ vuqlkj nkf[kys }kjk lk{kjrk dh nj
(3) [kk| izfr O;fDr oSQyksjh vkiw£r
(4) ty vkiw£r f'k'kq e`R;q nj rFkk ihus ;ksX; ikuh rd fdrus izfr'kr tula[;k dh igq¡p
(5) LoPNrk f'k'kq e`R;q nj rFkk LoPNrk izkIr tula[;k dk izfr'kr
(6) vkokl dksbZ ugha
bl izdkj bl owQVuhfr esa vk; o`f¼ osQ lkFk&lkFk] xjhch csjkstxkjh] LokLF; o f'k{kk rFkk forj.k fo"kerkvksa
dks nwj djus osQ mís';ksa dks ;Fkksfpr LFkku fn;k x;k gSA vusd v¼Z&fodflr ns'kksa osQ gky osQ vuqHkoksa o
vè;;uksa dh i`"BHkwfe esa bl dlkSVh dks U;k;laxr Bgjk;k x;k gSA
2
iQkbZ] jSful rFkk LVwvVZ us ukS ns'kksa dk vè;;u fd;k ftlosQ vuqlkj mUgksaus ik;k fd (v) rkbZoku] nf{k.k
dksfj;k rFkk b.Mksusf'k;k esa ewyHkwr vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djus osQ lkFk&lkFk vkSlr ls vf/d vk£Fkd fodkl
gqvk gSA (c) czkthy us ek=k U;wure ewyHkwr vko';drkvksa dks iwjk fd;k rFkk vkSlr esa vf/d fodkl fd;kA
(l) lksekuh] D;wck] feÏ rFkk Jhyadk us ewyHkwr vko';drkvksa dh iw£r cgqr vPNh rjg ls dh ysfdu
vk£Fkd fodkl vkSlr ls de FkkA (n) osQoy ,d ns'k ekynho us ek=k U;wure ewyHkwr vko';drkvksa osQ
izkoèku osQ lkFk vkSlr ls de vk£Fkd fodkl izkIr fd;kA
1. Normal L. Hicks and Paul P. Streeten, ‘Indicators of Development: The Search for a Basic Needs
Yardstick’, World Development, Vol. 7,1979.
2. C. H. Fei, G. Ranis and F. Stewart Basic Needs : A Framework for Analysis, 1979.
80 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
