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vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ,oa foÙk

uksV 3-2 ,Me fLeFk dk Lora=k O;kikj fl¼kar (Free Trade Theory of Adam Smith)

,Me fLeFk us ,d O;fDroknh vk£Fkd iz.kkyh dk fuekZ.k fd;k ftlesa ljdkjh fu;U=k.k dks vuko';d crk;k
x;k vkSj izfrikfnr fd;k x;k fd vgLr{ksi uhfr (Laissez faire) osQ varxZr gh loksZÙke ifj.kke izkIr fd;s
tk ldrs gSaA ,Me fLeFk us ;g dgdj okf.kT;oknh iz.kkyh dh vkykspuk dh fd mlesa miHkksDrk osQ fgrksa dks
frykatfy nsdj mRiknd osQ fgrksa dh j{kk dh tkrh FkhA

,Me fLeFk us okf.kT;okfn;ksa osQ vuqowQy O;kikj lUrqyu] vk;krksa ij izfrcU/ rFkk
fu;kZr izksRlkgu dh rhoz fuUnk dhA

,Me fLeFk us LorU=k O;kikj dks vk£Fkd fodkl osQ fy, vko';d 'krZ Lohdkj fd;k D;ksafd Lora=k O;kikj
osQ dkj.k gh ns'k mu oLrqvksa dk mRiknu dj ldrk gS tks U;wure ykxr ij rS;kj dh tk ldrh gSA ,Me fLeFk
us okf.kT;okfn;ksa osQ bl fopkj dks Hkh vLohdkj dj fn;k fd O;kikj ls vkil esa nksuksa i{kksa dks ykHk ugha gksrkA
Je&foHkktu % ,Me fLeFk dh fopkj/kjk dk vk/kj (Division of Labour : Base of
Adam Smith’s Concept)

,Me fLeFk us Je foHkktu osQ egRo dks izfrikfnr fd;k vkSj crk;k fd vUrjkZ"Vªh; Je foHkktu osQ dkj.k
gh fons'kh O;kikj ls ykHk gksrk gSA nks ns'kksa osQ chp O;kikj D;ksa gksrk gS] bls le>kus osQ fy, mUgksaus fujis{k
ykHk osQ fl¼kar dk izfriknu fd;kA fLeFk us Li"V fd;k fd ;fn Je&foHkktu ,oa fof'k"Vhdj.k
(Division of Labour & Specialisation) dk lgkjk fy;k tk, rks dk;Z{kerk esa o`f¼ dh tk ldrh gS vkSj
mRiknu c<+k;k tk ldrk gSA
LorU=k vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ls vUrjkZ"Vªh; Je foHkktu dks izksRlkgu feyrk gS D;ksafd blls izR;sd jk"Vª ,slh
oLrqvksa dk mRiknu dj ldrk gS rks og lcls de ykxr ij cuk ldrk gSA tc ,d ns'k nwljs ns'k dh rqyuk
esa ,d oLrq dks lLrk rS;kj dj ldrk gS] rks nwljs ns'k osQ fy, og ykHknk;d gksxk fd ml oLrq dk fuekZ.k
vius ns'k esa u djs oju~ igys ns'k ls [kjhn ysA blh izdkj igyk ns'k] nwljs ns'k ls ml oLrq dks [kjhn ys tks
og rqyukRed :i ls lLrh cuk ldrk gSA bl izdkj fLeFk osQ vuqlkj ns'kkssa esa gksus okys O;kikj ls fo'o osQ
mRiknu osQ lk/uksa dk oqQ'kyre forj.k lEHko gks tkrk gS ftlls O;kikj djus okys ns'kksa dh okLrfod vk;
c<+rh gSA
,Me fLeFk vius LorU=k O;kikj dh lhekvksa ,oa viokn ls Hkh voxr FksA mUgksaus ;g Lohdkj fd;k fd lqj{kk
m|ksxksa dks iw.kZ laj{k.k fn;k tkuk pkfg,A blh izdkj mQ¡ph iz'kqYd njksa dk fojks/ djus osQ fy, fLeFk us cnys
dh Hkkouk dk Hkh leFkZu fd;kA ysfdu bu vioknksa dks NksM+dj fLeFk us LorU=k O;kikj esa vU; cU/uksa dks
Lohdkj ugha fd;kA fLeFk dk fo'okl Fkk fd fons'kh O;kikj ls cktkj dk foLrkj gksrk gS ftlls mRikndrk
c<+rh gSA ;g lc jk"Vªksa osQ fgr esa gksrk gS fd os lk/uksa dks ,sls mRiknu esa yxk;sa ftlesa mUgsa vU; ns'kksa dh
rqyuk esa ykHk gks rFkk viuh vU; vko';drk dh oLrqvksa dks vU; ns'kksa ls [kjhn ysaA fons'kh O;kikj osQ izeq[k
ykHk dh ppkZ djrs gq, ,Me fLeFk dgrs gSa fd ¶blls ,d ns'k osQ mRiknu dk vfrfjDr va'k ftldh fd
ns'k esa ekax ugha gksrh] fons'kksa dks Hkstk tk ldrk gS rFkk blosQ cnys esa mu oLrqvksa dks [kjhnk tk ldrk gS
ftudh ns'k esa ekax gksrh gSA blls muosQ vfrfjDr mRiknu dk ewY; izkIr gksrk gS ftldk fofue; mu oLrqvksa
ls fd;k tkrk gS tks mudh vko';drkvksa osQ ,d va'k dks iw.kZ djrh gS rFkk vkuUn dks c<+krh gSA¸

32 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY