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bdkbZμ2% O;kikj ls gksus okys ykHkksa dk ekiu




                  O;kikj (Compensated Restricted Trade) Hkh vkRe&fuHkZj vFkZO;oLFkk ls Js"B gSA   osQ  uksV
                  izek.k (Proof) dk iz;ksx djrs gq,    us js[kkfp=k dh lgk;rk ls Li"V fd;k gS fd LorU=k O;kikj
                  ls jk"Vªh; vk; vkSj vk£Fkd dY;k.k esa o`f¼ gksrh gSA
              • vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ls lEc¼ ns'kksa esa mRifÙk lkèkuksa dk oqQ'ky vkoaVu lEHko gks tkrk gS vkSj nksuksa ns'k
                  mUgha lalkèkuksa }kjk mRiknu c<+kus esa liQy gks tkrs gSa ftlls nksuksa ns'kksa osQ dY;k.k Lrj esa o`f¼ gksrh
                  gSA ns'kksa osQ chp gksus okyk vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj lEiw.kZ fo'o Lrj ij dY;k.k esa o`f¼ osQ fy, lgk;d gSA
              • lSE;qylu us nks ys[k izLrqr fd, (i) The Gains from International Trade (1939) vkSj (ii) The Gains
                  from International Trade Once Again (1962)] mlus bu ys[kksa esa fl¼ fd;k gS fd ^O;kikj ugha* dh
                  vis{kk ^eqDr O;kikj* Js"B gS (Free trade is superior to no trade) A

              • eqDr O;kikj ls rkRi;Z ml fLFkfr ls gS ftlesa oLrqvksa dh ?kjsyw vkSj fo'o&dhersa cjkcj gksaA
              •             dh èkkj.kk gS fd O;kikj&ugha dh vis{kk izfrcfUèkr O;kikj Js"B gksrk gS c'krsZ fd izfrcUèk

                  fu"ksèkdkjh u gksa vkSj iz'kqYdksa] dksVk (quotas) vFkok fofue; fu;U=k.kksa osQ :i esa gksaA
              • txnh'k Hkxorh us vius ys[k “The Gains from Trade Once Again” (1968) esa fn[kk;k gS fd ;g
                  izLFkkiuk fd O;kikj&ugha dh vis{kk izfrcfUèkr O;kikj Js"B gS rHkh rd lgh gS tc dksVk iz'kqYd
                  vFkok fofue; fu;U=k.kksa osQ :i esa yxk, x, izfrcUèk mu fons'kh dherksa rFkk ?kjsyw dherksa esa vUrj
                  mRiUu djsa ftudk miHkksDrkvksa vkSj mRikndksa nksuksa dks lkeuk djuk iM+ jgk gS] ijUrq vk;krksa (vFkok
                  fodYir% fu;kZrksa) ij mRiknu lgkf;dh (subsidy) (vFkok fodYir% dj) osQ }kjk O;kikj dks
                  izfrcafèkr fd;k tkrk gS] rks    dk fl¼kUr [kjk ugha mrjrkA
              • vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ls ,d cM+s ns'k dh vis{kk NksVs ns'k dks vfèkd ykHk gksrk gSA NksVs ns'k esa lalkèkuksa
                  dh deh jgrh gS rFkk mlosQ ?kjsyw cktkj dk vkdkj Hkh izk;% lhfer gksrk gSA vr% ;gk¡ ?kjsyw
                  fof'k"Vhdj.k vkSj fofue; osQ ykHk lhfer gksrs gSaA blosQ foijhr ,d cM+s ns'k osQ ikl lalkèkuksa dh
                  izpqjrk jgrh gS rFkk bldk ?kjsyw cktkj Hkh cM+k gksrk gSA vr% og ns'k osQ vUnj gh fof'k"Vhdj.k vkSj
                  fofue; dk ykHk izkIr dj ysrk gSA

            2-10 'kCndks'k (Keywords)

                  • • • • •  xfrghu] fLFkjA
                  • • • • •  izosx lEcaèkhA
                  • • • • •  vko';drk ls vfèkd gksukA

            2-11 vH;kl&iz'u ( Review Questions)


              1.  varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ ykHk Ïksrksa dk o.kZu dhft,A
              2.  varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ls ykHk dh ek=kk dks fuèkkZfjr djus okys rRoksa dk fo'ys"k.k dhft,A
              3.  O;kikj ls ykHk vkSj vk; forj.k dk foospu dhft,A
              4.  eqDr O;kikj cuke O;kikj ugha vkSj izfrcafèkr O;kikj cuke O;kikj ugha dh O;k[;k djsaA
              5.  NksVs ,oa cM+s ns'kksa dks O;kikj ls gksus okys ykHkksa dk o.kZu dhft,A

              6. LFkSfrd ,oa izkoSfxd ykHk dk foospu djsaA






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