Page 31 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

bdkbZμ2% O;kikj ls gksus okys ykHkksa dk ekiu

fp=k&2.11 (A) esa ns'k A (cM+k ns'k) dk mRiknu lEHkkouk oØ AL gSA O;kikj u gksus dh n'kk esa ns'k A fcUnq uksV
C ij mRiknu rFkk miHkksx djrk gS] tgk¡ leqnk; rVLFkrk oØ CI bl ns'k osQ mRiknu lEHkkouk oØ AL dks
Li'kZ djrk gSA blh rjg ns'k B (NksVk ns'k) fcUnq C ij mRiknu rFkk miHkksx djrk gS tgk¡ leqnk; rVLFkrk
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oØ CI blosQ mRiknu lEHkkouk oØ BS dks Li'kZ djrk gS tSlk fd fp=k 2-11 (B) esa izn£'kr fd;k x;k gSA
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pwafd A ,d cM+k ns'k gS vr% AL oØ }kjk O;Dr ?kjsyw dher vuqikr js[kk dks vUrjkZ"Vªh; dher vuqikr js[kk
ekuk tk ldrk gSA vc NksVs ns'k B osQ le{k ,d lEHkkouk ;g izLrqr gksrh gS fd og AL js[kk osQ lekukUrj
BS js[kk }kjk O;Dr vUrjkZ"Vªh; dher&vuqikr ij viuh oLrq dk fofue; djsA bl ns'k dks rHkh ykHk izkIr
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gksxk tc ;g osQoy oLrq Y osQ mRiknu esa fof'k"Vhdj.k djs vkSj fcUnq B ij mRiknu djsA fp=k 2.11(B) esa ;g
leqnk; rVLFkrk oØ Cl osQ fcUnq C ij oLrq X dk miHkksx Hkh c<+k nsrk gSA pwafd cM+s ns'k osQ dher vuqikr
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(O;kikj 'krks±) esa dksbZ ifjorZu ugha gksrk vr% ;g osQoy vius mRiknu <kaps esa ifjorZu djrk gS rkfd NksVs
ns'k osQ O;kikj vko';drkvksa dks iwjk dj losaQA vr% ;g fcUnq P ij pyk tkrk gSA NksVk ns'k cM+s ns'k dks oLrq
Y dh TC ek=kk fu;kZr djsxk ftls fp=k 2.11 (A) esa cM+s ns'k osQ EC vk;kr osQ :i esa izn£'kr fd;k x;k gS
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rFkk cM+s ns'k ls oLrq X dh TB ek=kk vk;kr djsxk ftls cM+s ns'k osQ EP fu;kZr osQ :i esa izn£'kr fd;k x;k gSA
bl rjg] NksVs ns'k dks cM+s ns'k ls O;kikj djus ls fof'k"Vhdj.k ,oa fofue; nksuksa ls ykHk gqvk gS tcfd cM+s
ns'k dks fdlh Hkh rjg dk ykHk ugha gqvk gSA

2-8 LFkSfrd ,oa izkoSfxd ykHk (Static and Dynamic Gains)

O;kikj ls gksus okys ykHkksa dks LFkSfrd ,oa izkoSfxd ykHkksa esa foHkkftr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
(Static Gains)

O;kikj ls gksus okys LFkSfrd ykHk bl izdkj gSaμ
1- (Maximisation of Production)μizfrf"Br vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa dh èkkj.kk Fkh
fd O;kikj ls ykHk jk"Vªh; vkSj vUrjkZ"Vªh; Lrjksa ij Je foHkktu vkSj fof'k"Vhdj.k osQ ykHkksa osQ
iQyLo:i mRiUu gksrs gSaA ,d ns'k esa lalkèku vkSj izkS|ksfxdh fn, tkus ij O;kikj vkSj rqyukRed ykHk
osQ vkèkkj ij mRiknu esa fof'k"Vhdj.k izR;sd ns'k dks viuh oLrq,¡ vU; ns'k dh oLrqvksa osQ lkFk
fofue; djus dh {kerk iznku djrk gSA bl izdkj ;g O;kikj osQ fcuk dh rqyuk esa O;kikj ls vfèkd
ykHk izkIr djrk gSA izR;sd ns'k de ykxr ls mRikfnr oLrqvksa dks vk;kr djrk gS rFkk viuh vU;
lLrh mRikfnr oLrqvksa dk fu;kZr djrk gSA bl rjg nksuksa ns'k vius mRiknu dks vfèkdre djrs gSaA
2- (Vent for Surplus)μ,d ns'k esa vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ls iwoZ Hkwfe] Je rFkk vU;
lalkèku fuf"Ø; iM+s jgrs gSaA vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj esa layXu gksus osQ iQyLo:i ;s mRiknu dk;Z esa iz;qDr
gksrs gSaA vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ lalkèku vHkko esa ;g vfrjsd fcuk fcosQ jg tk,¡xsA ;g
dk O;kikj ls vfrjsd dk fuxZe dgykrk gSA
3- (Increase in National Income)μO;kikj esa vUrjkZ"Vªh; fof'k"Vhdj.k vkSj
oLrqvksa osQ fofue; ls tc ,d ns'k ykHk izkIr djrk gS rks blosQ iQyLo:i ml ns'k dh jk"Vªh; vk;
esa o`f¼ gksrh gSA vkxs pydj ns'k osQ mRiknu vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk dh o`f¼ nj Hkh c<+rh gSA
4- (Increase in Welfare)μvUrjkZ"Vªh; Je foHkktu ,oa fof'k"Vhdj.k osQ iQyLo:i
O;kikj djus okys ns'kksa esa oLrqvksa osQ mRiknu esa o`f¼ gksrh gSA blls bu ns'kksa esa yksxksa osQ miHkksx osQ
Lrj esa o`f¼ gksrh gS vkSj yksxksa dk dY;k.k c<+rk gSA
(Dynamic Gains)
O;kikj ls izkIr gksus okys izkoSfxd ykHk fuEuor~ gSaμ

1- (Efficient Utilisation of Resources)μfons'kh O;kikj dk izR;{k izkoSfxd

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