Page 26 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ,oa foÙk

uksV dkj.k O;kikj ls cM+s ns'kksa dk ykHk Hkh de gks tkrk gSA
(6) (Transport Cost)μvUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ls feyus okyk ykHk ifjogu ykxr ls Hkh izHkkfor
gksrk gSA ifjogu ykxr esa deh gksus ij fons'kh O;kikj dk {ks=k foLr`r gks tkrk gS vkSj lkFk gh vUrjkZ"Vªh;
O;kikj ls izkIr gksus okyk ykHk Hkh vfèkd gks tkrk gSA blosQ foijhr ifjogu ykxr c<+ tkus ij fons'kh O;kikj
dk {ks=k lhfer gks tkrk gS vkSj fons'kh O;kikj ls feyus okyk ykHk Hkh ?kV tkrk gSA
(7) (Nature of Commodities Exported)μfu;kZfrr oLrqvksa dh izÑfr Hkh
O;kikj osQ ykHk dks fuèkkZfjr djrh gSA ,d ns'k tks eq[;r% izkFkfed oLrqvksa dk fu;kZr djrk gS mlosQ O;kikj
dh 'krs± izfrowQy gksrh gSaA iQyLo:i bl O;kikj ls ykHk Hkh de gksrk gSA blosQ foijhr tks ns'k fofu£er oLrqvksa
dk fu;kZr djrs gSa mudh O;kikj dh 'krs± vuqowQy gksrh gSa vkSj blfy, muosQ O;kikj ls ykHk Hkh vfèkd gksrs
gSaA
(8) (Technological Conditions)μtks ns'k izkS|ksfxdh dh n`f"V ls mUur vkSj iw¡th
izpqj gksrk gS mlosQ O;kikj dh ek=kk izk;% cM+h gksrh gS vkSj mldk vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ls ykHk Hkh vfèkd gksrk
gSA blosQ foijhr ;fn ns'k izkS|ksfxdh dh n`f"V ls fiNM+k rFkk Je izpqj jgs rks blosQ O;kikj dh ek=kk FkksM+h
gksxh rFkk O;kikj ls ykHk de gksxkA

2-3 vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ls lEHkkfor vkSj okLrfod ykHk (Potential and Actual
Gains from International Trade)

vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ls nks ns'kksa esa nks oLrqvksa dks mRikfnr djus dk
gksrk gSA eku yhft, X rFkk Y nks oLrqvksa dk mRiknu fd;k tkrk gS rFkk nks ns'k A rFkk B gSa] rc lEHkkfor
ykHk dks fuEuor~ O;Dr fd;k tk ldrk gSμ
⎡ C ⎤ ⎡ C ⎤
G = P ⎥ – ⎢ X ⎥
P ⎢
⎣ C Y A ⎦ ⎣ C Y B ⎦
tgk¡ G = lEHkkfor ykHk] C = oLrq × dh izfr bdkbZ ykxr] C = oLrq Y dh izfr bdkbZ ykxr gS rFkk in fpÉ
Y
P
X
A rFkk B nksuksa ns'kksa ls lEc¼ gSaA
blosQ foijhr vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ls nks O;kikj dj jgs ns'kksa esa
gksrk gSA iqu% eku yhft, nks ns'k A rFkk B gSa tcfd nks oLrq,¡ X rFkk Y gSa] rc okLrfod ykHk dks
fuEuor~ O;Dr fd;k tk ldrk gSμ

⎡ P ⎤ ⎡ P ⎤
G = ⎢ X ⎥ – ⎢ X ⎥
A
⎣ P Y ⎦ A ⎣ P Y ⎦ B
tgk¡ G = okLrfod ykHk] P = oLrq X dh izfr bdkbZ dher rFkk P = oLrq Y dh izfr bdkbZ dherA
A
Y
X
tc nks ns'kksa osQ chp iw.kZ izfr;ksfxrk osQ vUrxZr eqDr O;kikj gksrk gS rks izR;sd ns'k esa nksuksa oLrqvksa osQ ykxr
vuqikr vkSj dher vuqikr cjkcj gksrs gSaA bl fLFkfr esa lEHkkfor ykHk vkSj okLrfod ykHk cjkcj gksrs gSaA
vFkkZr~
⎡ C ⎤ ⎡ P ⎤
⎢ X ⎥ = ⎢ X ⎥ ∴ G = A G P
⎣ C Y ⎦ ⎣ P Y ⎦

ijUrq ;fn iz'kqYd ,oa vU; O;kikj izfrcUèk mifLFkr gksrs gSa rFkk oLrq ,oa lkèku cktkjksa esa viw.kZrk fo|eku jgrh

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