Page 25 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

bdkbZμ2% O;kikj ls gksus okys ykHkksa dk ekiu

osQ vuqlkj] ¶ykHk osQ dkj.k tc O;kikj dk foLrkj fd;k tkrk gS rks ,d ,slh fLFkfr vk,xh tc ,d ns'k uksV
dh vuqikr ykxr] nwljs ns'k osQ cjkcj gks tk,xhA ,d ns'k dks fofHkUu oLrqvksa osQ mRiknu esa foLrkj vkSj laoqQpu
ml le; rd djuk pkfg, tc rd ml ns'k osQ ykxr&vuqikr fons'k osQ ykxr&vuqikr osQ cjkcj ugha gks tkrsA¸
(2) (Production Capacity of the Country)μvUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ls gksus okys ykHk
ij ns'k dh mRiknu {kerk ,oa mRikndh; oqQ'kyrk dk izHkko Hkh iM+rk gSA ;fn ,d ns'k dh mRiknu {kerk ,oa
mRikndh; oqQ'kyrk c<+rh gS rks nwljs ns'k dks lLrh oLrq,¡ vk;kr djosQ ykHk izkIr gksxk iQyLo:i blls nwljs
ns'k osQ fy, O;kikj dh 'krs± vfèkd vuqowQy gks tk;saxhA mRiknu {kerk c<+us ls nwljs ns'k osQ fy, O;kikj dh
'krs± blfy, vuqowQy gks tkrh gSa D;ksafd igys ns'k esa ykxr vkSj dherksa esa deh gksrh gS rFkk O;kikj esa foLrkj
gksrk gS ftlls nwljs ns'k dks ykHk gksrk gSA blosQ foijhr] ;fn ,d ns'k dh mRiknu {kerk ,oa mRikndh;
oqQ'kyrk ?kVrh gS rks nwljs dh gkfu gksxh D;ksafd blls nwljs ns'k dh O;kikj 'krs± izfrowQy gks tk,¡xhA rduhdh
izxfr] izf'kf{kr Je&'kfDr ,oa uo&izorZu vkfn dbZ dkj.kksa ls ns'k dh mRiknu {kerk c<+ ldrh gSA
(3) (Terms of Trade or Relative Elasticities
of Demand and Supply)μO;kikj dh 'krks± dk vk'k; ml nj ls gS ftlosQ vuqlkj ,d ns'k dh oLrqvksa dk
nwljs ns'k dh oLrqvksa ls fofue; gksrk gSA O;kikj dh 'krs± mu oLrqvksa dh dherksa ij fuHkZj jgrh gSa ftudk O;kikj
fd;k tkrk gS vr%
,d ns'k esa nwljs ns'k dh oLrq dh ek¡x ftruh vfèkd csykspnkj gksxh] igys ns'k osQ fy, O;kikj dh 'krs± izfrowQy
gksaxh ,oa ek¡x ykspnkj gksus ij O;kikj dh 'krs± vuqowQy gkasxhA osQ vuqlkj] ¶O;kikj ls ml ns'k dks lcls
vfèkd ykHk gksrk gS ftldh oLrqvksa dh ek¡x fons'kksa esa vfèkd gksrh gS rFkk Lo;a mldh ek¡x fons'kh oLrqvksa
osQ fy, de gksrh gSA¸ iw£r dh yksp dk Hkh O;kikj dh 'krks± ij izHkko iM+rk gSA ;fn ,d ns'k dh fu;kZr dh
tkus okyh oLrqvksa dh iw£r ykspnkj gS rks O;kikj dh 'krs± mlosQ vuqowQy gksaxh vU;Fkk izfrowQyA mlh izdkj ns'k
ftu oLrqvksa dk vk;kr djrk gS] ;fn mudh fons'kksa esa iw£r csykspnkj gS rks ns'k osQ fy, O;kikj dh 'krs± vuqowQy
gksaxh vU;Fkk izfrowQyA
bl izdkj Li"V gS fd O;kikj dh 'krs± vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ ykHk dks izHkkfor djrh gSaA O;kikj dh 'krks± osQ
vuqowQy gksus dh n'kk esa ns'k dks vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ls feyus okyk ykHk vfèkd gks tkrk gS tcfd O;kikj 'krks±
osQ izfrowQy gksus ij feyus okys ykHk dk vkdkj ?kV tkrk gSA
(4) (Level of Income )μfdlh ns'k dh eqnzk vk; dk Lrj Hkh ,d ,slk dkjd gS tks O;kikj
osQ ykHk vkSj fgLls dks fuèkkZfjr djrk gSA ftl ns'k dh oLrqvksa dh ek¡x vU; ns'kksa esa fLFkj gksxh mldk ekSfnzd
vk; dk Lrj Å¡pk gksxkA ;fn mlosQ fu;kZr vfèkd gksaxs] rks mlosQ fu;kZr m|ksxksa dk foLrkj gksxkA ifj.kkeLo:i]
bu m|ksxksa esa eqnzk etnwjh dk Lrj c<+sxkA Je dh izfr;ksfxrk c<+sxh vkSj vU; m|ksxksa dks etnwjh dk Lrj c<+kdj
fu;kZr m|ksxksa osQ etnwjh Lrj rd ykuk iM+sxkA bl izdkj] ns'k esa eqnzk vk; dk lkekU; Lrj c<+sxk] ijUrq ns'k
esa vk;kfrr fons'kh oLrqvksa dh dhersa de gksaxh] tcfd yksxksa dh ekSfnzd vk; dk Lrj Å¡pk gksxkA blfy, ns'k
osQ yksxksa dks ykHk gksxk] D;ksafd os lLrh vk;kfrr oLrqvksa dk miHkksx djsaxsA blosQ foijhr ftl ns'k dh fons'kh
oLrqvksa osQ fy, ek¡x vfèkd gksxh] mldh ekSfnzd vk; de gksxh] D;ksafd fons'kh oLrqvksa osQ fy, mldh ek¡x
vfèkd gksxh] blfy, fons'kh oLrqvksa dh dhersa vfèkd gksaxhA ifj.kke ;g gksxk fd ml ns'k osQ yksxksa dks gkfu
gksxh] D;ksafd os eg¡xh vk;kfrr oLrqvksa dk miHkksx djsaxsA
(5) (Size of the Nation)μns'k dk vkdkj Hkh vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ ykHk dks izHkkfor djrk
gSA ,d NksVs ns'k dks cM+s ns'k dh rqyuk esa vfèkd ykHk feyus dh lEHkkouk jgrh gS D;ksafd NksVk ns'k vius
fofue; vuqikr esa ifjorZu fd;s fcuk fdlh ,d oLrq osQ mRiknu esa fof'k"Vhdj.k dj ldrk gS vkSj mlls
ykHk izkIr dj ldrk gSA blosQ foijhr cM+k ns'k fof'k"Vhdj.k dk ykHk ugha mBk ikrk D;ksafd fof'k"Vhdj.k
osQ iz;kl esa oLrq dh iw£r cgqr vfèkd c<+ tkrh gS vkSj fo'o cktkj esa oLrq dk ewY; ?kV tkrk gS ftlosQ

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 19