Page 22 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ,oa foÙk

uksV xbZ gSA AB :ikUrj.k oØ gS tks vFkZO;oLFkk osQ iw£r i{k dks izn£'kr djrk gS vkSj CI leqnk; mnklhurk oØ
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gS tks vFkZO;oLFkk osQ i{k dks O;Dr djrk gSA cUn vFkZO;oLFkk (O;kikj u djus okyh vFkZO;oLFkk) osQ lUrqyu
dks fcUnq E izn£'kr djrk gS tgk¡ AB rFkk CI oØ ,d nwljs dks Li'kZ djrs gSa vkSj nksuksa gh O;kikj dh ?kjsyw
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'krks± vFkok oLrq dher vuqikr js[kk P osQ cjkcj gSaA
tc vUrjkZ"Vªh; (vFkok LorU=k) O;kikj 'kq: gksxk] rks vUrjkZ"Vªh; dher vuqikr (O;kikj dh 'krs±) ?kjsyw dher
vuqikr (O;kikj dh ?kjsyw 'krks± ls fHkUu gksaxhA bls P ls fn[kk;k x;k gS tks ?kjsyw dher vuqikr P ls vfèkd
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frjNk (Steeper) gSA bldk eryc gS fd fo'o osQ cktkj esa oLrq Y osQ eqdkcys oLrq X dh dher c<+ xbZ gSA
vUrjkZ"Vªh; dher js[kk P ij] miHkksDrk Cl oØ osQ fcUnq E ls vis{kkÑr vfèkd Å¡ps leqnk; mnklhurk oØ
0
1
Cl osQ fcUnq C ij pys tkrs gSaA fcUnq E ls C ij xfr fofue; ls ykHk vFkok miHkksx ykHk dks ekirh gS tks
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fd mRiknu esa fdlh izdkj dk ifjorZu gq, fcuk gh gksrk gSA
pwafd fo'o osQ cktkj esa X dh dher c<+ xbZ gS] blfy, mRiknd bldk mRiknu c<+krs gSa vkSj Y dk mRiknu
?kVkrs gSaA bldk ifj.kke ;g gksrk gS fd :ikUrj.k oØ ij fcUnq E ls N rd xfr gksrh gS tgk¡ vUrjkZ"Vªh; dher
js[kk P oØ AB dks Li'kZ djrh gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] mRiknu esa :ikUrj.k dh lhekUr nj N fcUnq ij vUrjkZ"Vªh;
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dher vuqikr osQ cjkcj gks tkrh gSA fo'o&O;kikj 'krks± dk u;k vuqikr P ogh gS tks fd P gS] D;ksafd ;g
2
1
P osQ lekukUrj gSA fcUnq N ij ns'k oLrq Y osQ KC′ vk;krksa osQ cnys oLrq X dk NK fu;kZr djrk gSA
1
X osQ mRiknu esa fof'k"Vhdj.k c<+us dk ifj.kke ;g gksrk gS fd miHkksx Cl oØ osQ fcUnq C ls ljd dj Cl 2
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oØ osQ fcUnq C′ ij igq¡p tkrk gS] tgk¡ ij miHkksDrk X rFkk Y nksuksa gh vis{kkÑr vfèkd ek=kkvksa dk miHkksx
djrs gSaA C ls C′ rd ;g xfr mRiknu osQ fof'k"Vhdj.k ls ykHk vFkok mRiknu ykHk dks ekirh gSA fcUnq C′
ij LFkkukiUurk dh lhekUr nj vkSj vUrjkZ"Vªh; dher vuqikr cjkcj gSA blfy, N rFkk C′ fcUnqvksa ij
vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ls ykHk vfèkdre gks tkrs gSa] D;ksafd mRiknu esa :ikUrj.k dh lhekUr nj vkSj miHkksx esa
LFkkukiUurk dh lhekUr nj nksuksa gh vUrjkZ"Vªh; dher vuqikr P osQ cjkcj gSaA LorU=k O;kikj ls tks oqQN ykHk
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gksrk gS og miHkksx rFkk mRiknu ykHkksa osQ ;ksx osQ cjkcj gS ftls fn[kkus osQ fy, dY;k.k esa lqèkkj Cl ls Cl 2
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fn[kk;k x;k gSA
vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ls ykHk % lsE;qylu osQ fopkj

1939 esa izdkf'kr vius ys[k ‘The Gains From International Trade’ esa izks- lsE;qylu us Li"V fd;k fd
vkRefuHkZj vFkZO;oLFkk dh rqyuk esa dksbZ Hkh ns'k vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ls tqM+dj ykHk izkIr dj ldrk gSA
lsE;qylu dh ;g fopkjèkkjk fuEufyf[kr ekU;rkvksa ij vkèkkfjr gSμ
(1) vFkZO;oLFkk iw.kZ izfr;ksfxrk ij vkèkkfjr gSA
(2) mRiknu iQyu fo'ks"kdj rduhdh Lrj ij vifjorZuh; jgrk gSA
(3) fLFkj iSekus osQ izfriQy ykxw gksrs gSaA

(4) vkxrksa (Inputs) osQ ewY; mudh iw£r dks izHkkfor djrs gSaA
(5) ns'k dk vkdkj cgqr NksVk gS vkSj og fo'o cktkj osQ ewY;ksa dks izHkkfor djus dh fLFkfr esa ugha gksrkA
izks- lsE;qylu us 1962 esa izdkf'kr vius gh ys[k ‘The Gains From International Trade Once Again’ esa
viuh iwoZ ekU;rk (NksVs ns'k dh ekU;rk) dk ifjR;kx djosQ cM+s ns'k dks vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ls feyus okys ykHk
dk foospu fd;k vkSj lkFk gh ;g Li"V fd;k fd vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ls ns'k osQ dY;k.k esa o`f¼ gksrh gS D;ksafd
tc dksbZ cM+k ns'k vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ls tqM+rk gS rc mldh O;kikfjd fØ;kvksa dk foLrkj gksrk gS ftlosQ
ifj.kkeLo:i mlosQ vk;kr eg¡xs vkSj fu;kZr lLrs gks tkrs gSaA
osQEi us viuh iqLrd esa lsE;qylu osQ fl¼kUr dh vfèkd lkekU; ,oa mRÑ"V O;k[;k dh gSA mUgksaus lsE;qylu

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