Page 19 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

bdkbZμ2% O;kikj ls gksus okys ykHkksa dk ekiu

vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksaμfey] ek'kZy (Marshall), lsE;qylu] osQEi (Kemp) vkSj gScjyj] vkfn us Hkh vUrjkZ"Vªh; uksV
O;kikj osQ ykHkksa dks Li"V fd;k gSA izfrf"Br fopkjèkkjk osQ vuqlkj] vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj esa layXu ns'k
fof'k"Vhdj.k osQ vkèkkj ij mRiknu ,oa fofue; djosQ vius vk£Fkd ykHk dks vfèkdre djrs gSaA vkèkqfud
n`f"Vdks.k osQ vuqlkj vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ls ykHk fofue; ls gksus okys ykHkksa vkSj lkekU; lUrqyu fo'ks"k.k ij
vkèkkfjr fof'k"Vhdj.k ls izkIr ykHkksa ls lEc¼ gSaA vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj vusd vk£Fkd ykHkksa dks tUe nsrk gS
ftlesa izeq[k gSaμ
(i) vUrjkZ"Vªh; Je&foHkktu ls fo'o osQ lalkèkuksa dk loksZÙke forj.k gksrk gS ftlls mudk oqQ'kyre iz;ksx
fd;k tk ldrk gSA
(ii) O;kikj ls izR;sd ns'k esa fofue; dh tk ldus okyh oLrqvksa osQ mRiknu vkSj ewY; esa o`f¼ gksrh gSA
(iii) fo'o osQ oqQy mRiknu esa o`f¼ gksrh gSA
(iv) O;kikj osQ dkj.k izR;sd ns'k miHkksx dh fofHkUu oLrq,¡ vfèkd ek=kk esa izkIr dj ldrk gSA
(v) izR;sd ns'k osQ dY;k.k esa o`f¼ gksrh gS rFkk fo'o dh le`f¼ c<+rh gSA

2-1 O;kikj ls gksus okys ykHkksa dk ekiu (Measurement of Gains from Trade)

izfrf"Br vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa osQ vuqlkj (1) rqyukRed ykxr osQ ykHk ij vkèkkfjr fof'k"Vhdj.k gh vUrjkZ"Vªh;
O;kikj osQ ykHk dk izeq[k Ïksr gSA blosQ vfrfjDr] nwljk izeq[k Ïksr gS (2) cká vkSj vkUrfjd cprksa dks
izkIr djuk tks fof'k"Vhdj.k osQ iQyLo:i cM+s iSekus osQ mRiknu ls izkIr gksrh gSA cktkj osQ foLrkj dk
Hkh cprksa ij vuqowQy izHkko iM+rk gSA ,Me fLeFk bls Li"V djrs gq, dgrs gSa fd Je&foHkktu] cktkj
osQ foLrkj }kjk lhfer gksrk gSA (3) cktkj osQ foLrkj ls tc mRifÙk dk iSekuk c<+rk gS rks Je&foHkktu
,oa fof'k"Vhdj.k dk {ks=k foLr`r gks tkrk gS ftlls mRiknu ykxr ?kVrh gS vkSj oLrq dk ewY; ?kV tkrk
gSA ;g Hkh vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj dk ykHk gSA
fjdkMksZ osQ vuqlkj rqyukRed ykxr fl¼kUr ;g Li"V djrk gS fd O;kikj ls nksuksa ns'kksa dks ykHk gksrk gS
Hkys gh muesa ls ,d ns'k nksuksa oLrqvksa dks lLrs esa cuk ldrk gSA
tSdc okbuj osQ vuqlkj] izfrf"Br vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa us vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ls ykHkksa dh x.kuk djus osQ fy, rhu
fHkUu fofèk;ksa dk vuqlj.k fd;k tks bl izdkj gSa %

(1) rqyukRed ykxr dh fofèk ftlosQ vUrxZr ykHk dk eq[; vkèkkj gS fuf'pr okLrfod vk; izkIr djus
osQ fy, oqQy okLrfod ykxr esa ferO;;rkA
(2) O;kikj dh 'krs±μvUrjkZ"Vªh; forj.k vkSj ykHk dh izo`fÙk dh lwpdA
(3) ns'k dh okLrfod vk; esa o`f¼ ykHk dk vkèkkjA
mYys[kuh; gS fd Dykfldh; vFkZ'kkL=kh bu rjhdksa dks iwjh rjg Li"V fd, fcuk gh bUgsa vkil esa feyk
fn;k djrs FksA ijUrq tc ls fey us viuk ikjLifjd ekax dk fl¼kUr izLrqr fd;k rc ls O;kikj osQ ykHkksa
dks ekius osQ fy, O;kikj 'krks± dk rjhdk gh viuk;k tkrk gSA
(v) fjdkMksZ dk n`f"Vdks.k (Ricardo’s Approach)
fjdkMksZ osQ vuqlkj dksbZ ns'k mu oLrqvksa dks fu;kZr djsxk ftuesa mldh rqyukRed mRiknu ykxrsa de gksaxh
vkSj mu oLrqvksa dks vk;kr djsxk ftuesa mldh mRiknu ykxrsa Å¡ph gksaxhA ¶bl izdkj ns'k vius lalkèkuksa
osQ iz;ksx esa fdiQk;r djrk gS ftlls lkèkuksa dh nh gqbZ ek=kk osQ cnys og mldh vis{kk vfèkd vk; izkIr
djrk gS tks mls rc izkIr gksrh gS tc og gj oLrq dk mRiknu Lo;a djrk gSA

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