Page 23 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

bdkbZμ2% O;kikj ls gksus okys ykHkksa dk ekiu

osQ fl¼kUr dk foLrkj dj ;g Li"V fd;k gS fd fdlh Hkh vkdkj osQ ns'k osQ fy, u osQoy {kfriw£r okyh uksV
LorU=k O;kikj dh fLFkfr O;kikj u gksus dh rqyuk esa Js"B gS oju~ {kfriw£r okyk lhfer O;kikj (Compensated
Restricted Trade) Hkh vkRe&fuHkZj vFkZO;oLFkk ls Js"B gSA lsE;qylu osQ izek.k (Proof) dk iz;ksx djrs gq,
gScjyj us js[kkfp=k dh lgk;rk ls Li"V fd;k gS fd LorU=k O;kikj ls jk"Vªh; vk; vkSj vk£Fkd dY;k.k esa
o`f¼ gksrh gSA
O;kikj ls ykHk osQ lEcUèk esa gScjyj dk izek.k (Haberler’s
Proof of the Gain of Trade)μgScjyj us fuEu js[kkfp=k osQ P′
ekè;e ls vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ ykHkksa dks Li"V fd;k gSμ H′ fu;kZr L
dh ek=kk A′ P
js[kkfp=k esa AA′ ns'k dk mRiknu lEHkkouk oØ gSA O;kikj osQ
iwoZ dh fLFkfr esa H mRiknu&miHkksx dk lUrqyu fcUnq gS rFkk H vk;kr
Y P
PH dk <ky O;kikj osQ iwoZ X vkSj Y nksuksa oLrqvksa osQ dher
oLrq T
vuqikr dks n'kkZrk gSA vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj gksus osQ ckn vUrjkZ"Vªh;
dher vuqikr P′P′ js[kk }kjk fn[kk;k x;k gSA u;h dher js[kk
ij mRiknu lUrqyu fcUnq T gS rFkk miHkksx fcUnq H′ gSA H′

fcUnq ij ns'k X dh H′L ek=kk dk fu;kZr djrk gS vkSj Y dh O A P′ X
oLrq X dh ek=kk
LT ek=kk dk vk;kr djrk gSA
fp=k 2-4
vc rVLFkrk oØ }kjk ;g fl¼ fd;k tk ldrk gS fd fcUnq
H′ fcUnq H dh rqyuk esa Js"B gSA pwafd H′ dks Li'kZ djrh gqbZ
rVLFkrk oØ H dh rqyuk esa Å¡ph gksxh vr% dgk tk ldrk gS fd vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ls ykHk gksrk gSA pwafd
fcUnq H ls mRiknu gVdj tc T fcUnq ij lUrqfyr gksrk gS] blesa vk; osQ iqu£orj.k dk iz'u iSnk gksrk gS vr%
gScjyj rVLFkrk oØ osQ iz;ksx osQ i{k esa ugha gS] fdUrq nwljs izdkj ls Hkh H′ fcUnq dh Js"Brk fl¼ dh tk
ldrh gSA ;fn H′ fcUnq H osQ Åij ,oa nkb± vksj gS] rks Li"V gS fd O;kikj osQ iwoZ dh rqyuk esa vc vUrjkZ"Vªh;
O;kikj ls X vkSj Y nksuksa oLrqvksa dh vfèkd ek=kk miyCèk gksrh gSA ;gh vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj dk ykHk gSA
vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ,oa fo'o dY;k.k (International Trade and World Welfare): vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ls
lEc¼ ns'kksa esa mRifÙk lkèkuksa dk oqQ'ky vkoaVu lEHko gks tkrk gS vkSj nksuksa ns'k mUgha lalkèkuksa }kjk mRiknu
c<+kus esa liQy gks tkrs gSa ftlls nksuksa ns'kksa osQ dY;k.k Lrj esa o`f¼ gksrh gSA ns'kksa osQ chp gksus okyk vUrjkZ"Vªh;
O;kikj lEiw.kZ fo'o Lrj ij dY;k.k esa diM+k
o`f¼ osQ fy, lgk;d gSA Y′ B 2 W 3 O′′
xsgw¡
fp=k 2-5 esa fo'o osQ nks izfrfufèk ns'kksa W CICI
Y B 1 O′
osQ :i esa ns'k A rFkk B osQ chp O;kikj xsgw¡
ls mRiUu dY;k.k o`f¼ n'kkZbZ xbZ gSA CIC
A 0
nksuksa ns'k xsgw¡ ,oa diM+s dk mRiknu djrs C C 1
gSaA fp=k esa OX (,oa O′Y) v{k ij xsgw¡
C C
rFkk OY (,oa O′X) v{k ij diM+s dks 2 3
izn£'kr fd;k x;k gSA fp=k esa AA ns'k B 3
1
A dk mRiknu lEHkkouk oØ rFkk BB 1 B
ns'k B dk mRiknu lEHkkouk oØ gSA fcUnq 1
O W W A X X′ xsgw¡
P ij ns'k A mRiknu rFkk miHkksx djrk 2 1
gSμbl fcUnq ij ns'k A xsgw¡ dh OW ek=kk diM+k diM+k
rFkk diM+s dh OC ek=kk dk mRiknu rFkk fp=k 2-5

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