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vFkZ'kkL=k esa lkaf[;dh; fof/;k¡



                    uksV          •     vHkh rd o£.kr fofHkUu izdkj osQ lwpdkadksa esa geus ,d ckr ns[kh gS fd muesa lHkh oLrqvksa dks ,d
                                        leku egÙo fn;k x;k gS tcfd okLrfod thou esa lHkh oLrq,¡ leku egÙo dh ugha gksrh gSaA oLrqvksa
                                        dk egÙo lnSo lkisf{kd gksrk gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ xsgw¡ nwèk osQ eqdkfcys esa vfèkd egÙoiw.kZ oLrq gS ;fn
                                        ge fuokZg O;;&lwpukad cukrs le; nksuksa oLrqvksa dks leku egÙo nsrs gSa rks ;g loZFkk xyr gksxkA
                                        vr% fofHkUu oLrqvksa osQ rqyukRed ,oa lkisf{kd egÙo dks izdV djus osQ fy,] ge izk;% Hkkjksa
                                        dk iz;ksx djrs gSaA vkSj Hkkjksa dks è;ku esa j[kdj tks lwpdkad rS;kj fd;s tkrs gSa mUgsa Hkkfjr lwpdkad
                                        (Weighted Index Numbers) dgrs gSaA

                                  18-8 'kCndks'k (Keywords)


                                   1. lekos'k   %      'kkfey gksuk] O;kIr gksuk] izos'k
                                   2. ijks{k           %       fNik gqvk] vizR;{k laca/ okyk

                                  18-9 vH;kl&iz'u (Review Questions)


                                   1. lwpdkadks ds x.kuk djus dh ewY;kuqikr dh ljy ekè; jhfr dks mnkgj.k nsdj le>kb,A
                                   2. Ja[kyk vk/kj jhfr dh foospuk fdft,A

                                   3. fuEufyf[kr ij fVIi.kh fyf[k,
                                       (i) vk/kj ifjorZu
                                      (ii) vk/kj o"kZ ifjorZu
                                      (iii) f'kjkscU/
                                  mÙkj% Lo&ewY;kadu (Answer: Self  Assessment)
                                         1. ewY;kuqikr dh ljy ekè;jhfr  2. vHkh‘ lwpdkad   3.  Ük`a[kyk vk/kj uhfr

                                         4. vk/kj ifjorZu             5. mRØkE;rk

                                  18-10 lanHkZ iqLrosaQ (Further Readings)





                                     iqLrosaQ  1. ifj.kkRed fof/;k¡_ Mk- ,l- lpnsok_ y{eh ukjk;.k vxzoky] vkxjk
                                            2. lk¡f[;dh] izks- ih- vkj- xXxM+_ fjlpZ ifCyosQ'kUl] 89] =khiksfy;k cktkj] t;iqj






















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