Page 277 - DECO504_STATISTICAL_METHODS_IN_ECONOMICS_HINDI

bdkbZ—18% ewY;kuqikr dh ljy ekè; jhfr

ΣR 775 uksV
1997 Index No. = = = 155
N 5
• bl jhfr osQ vuqlkj izR;sd pkyw o"kZ osQ fy, mlls fiNyk o"kZ] vkèkkj o"kZ dh Hkk¡fr dke djrk

gSA bl izdkj vkèkkj vkSj pkyw o"kZ esa ,d Ük`a[kyk&lh cuh jgus osQ dkj.k bldks Ük`a[kyk vkèkkj jhfr
dgrs gSaA
• bl izdkj fudkys x, Ük`a[kyk&ewY;kuqikrksa osQ ;ksx dks oLrqvksa dh la[;k ls Hkkx nsus ij ^Ük`a[kyk&ewY;kuqikrksa

dk ekè;* (Average of Link Relatives) Kkr gks tkrk gSA
• tc ge mi;qZDr jhfr }kjk Ük`a[kyk&ewY;kuqikr fudkyrs gaS rks blls fofHkUu o"kks± esa ,d fudVorhZ lEcUèk

;k dM+h dk Kku rks gksrk gS] ijUrq dHkh&dHkh bu leLr dfM+;ksa dk lEcUèk ge ,d fuf'pr rFkk fLFkj
o"kZ ls Hkh djuk pkgrs gSa rkfd lHkh o"kks± osQ ifjorZu ,d fuf'pr o"kZ ls Ük`a[kykc¼ gks tk;saA bldk
iz;ksx okLro eas ifjorZu dh nj dks 'kh?kz le>us osQ fy, fd;k tkrk gSA bl izdkj ls Ük`a[kfyr
ewY;kuqikrksa dks] Ük`a[kyk&vuqikr (Chain Relative or Chain Indices Chained to a Fixed Base) Hkh
dgrs gSaA
• izFke o"kZ dk fLFkj vkèkkj lwpdkad ogh ekuk tkrk gS tks ml o"kZ dk Ük`a[kyk vkèkkj lwpdkad gSA

fo'ks"k fVIi.khμ;fn izFke o"kZ dks fLFkj ekudj lwpdkad rS;kj djus gksa rks mls 100 gh ekuk tk,xk
• Lej.k jgs] vkèkkj&o"kZ ifjorZu (Base Shifting), vkèkkj&ifjorZu (Base Conversion) ls fHkUu voèkkj.kk

gSA tc nks lwpdkad ekykvksa dh rqyuk djuh gks rks ;g vo'; ns[k ysuk pkfg, fd mu nksuksa dk
vkèkkj&o"kZ ,d gS ;k vyx vyx gSaA ;fn vkèkkj&o"kZ fHkUu gksa rks muesa ifjorZu djosQ mUgsa rqyuk ;ksX;
cuk fy;k tkrk gSA
• f'kjkscaèku dh izfØ;k okLro esa vkèkkj&o"kZ ifjorZu dk gh ,d izk:i gSA tc dHkh fdlh fuf'pr

vkèkkj&o"kZ ij vkfJr lwpdkad dks fdlh dkj.ko'k cUn dj fn;k tkrk gS rc ,slh gkyr esa ml
lwpdkad osQ ¶cUn gksus okys o"kZ¸ dks vkèkkj ekudj ,d u;h lwpdkad ekyk dh jpuk dh tkrh
gS rkfd fiNys vkSj u;s] nksuksa vkèkkjksa esa rqyukRed lEcUèk cuk jgsA vr% rqyuk ;ksX; fLFkfr cuk, j[kus
dh n`f"V ls ;g vko';d gks tkrk gS fd ubZ lwpdkad&ekyk dh iqjkuh Js.kh ls lEcfUèkr dj fn;k
tk,A okLro esa ;g fØ;k gh f'kjkscUèku vFkok la;kstu dgykrh gSA
• lS¼kfUrd :i ls rks fdlh Hkh ekè; dk iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gS] ijUrq O;ogkj esa lekUrj ekè; ;k

ekfè;dk ;k xq.kksÙkj ekè; bu rhuksa esa ls fdlh ,d dk gh iz;ksx djuk pkfg;sA
• lekUrj ekè; (Arithmetic Mean)μfulUnsg ;g ljy rFkk cqf¼xE; ekè; gS ijUrq] ;g vfr lhekUr

inksa ls vR;fèkd izHkkfor gksrk gS ljy 'kCnksa esa] ;g ekè; cM+s ewY;ksa dks vfèkd egRo nsus osQ dkj.k
osQoy fujis{k eki osQ fy, gh mi;qDr gSA
• eè;dk ;k ekfè;dk (Median)μ;g ,d ljy ekè; gS vkSj lekUrj ekè; dh rjg pje inksa ls ;g

izHkkfor Hkh ugha gksrkA ijUrq bldk ,d eq[; nks"k ;g gS fd ;g dHkh&dHkh vokLrfod rFkk vfuf'pr
gks tkrk gSA
• xq.kksÙkj ekè; (Geometric Mean)μlwpdkad&jpuk gsrq xq.kksÙkj ekè; fuEu dkj.kksa ls ,d vkn'kZ ekè;

le>k tkrk gSμizFke] lekUrj ekè; osQ foijhr ;g NksVs ewY;ksa dks vfèkd vkSj cM+s ewY;ksa dks de
egRo nsdj lUrqyu&dkjd dh Hkwfedk vnk djrk gSA f}rh;] ;g lkis{k ifjorZuksa osQ eki dk loksZÙke
ekè; gSA r`rh;] blesa mRØkE;rk dk xq.k Hkh gSA

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