Page 9 - DECO504_STATISTICAL_METHODS_IN_ECONOMICS_HINDI

bdkbZ—1% lkaf[;dh dh ifjHkk"kk % lkaf[;dh dk egÙo] foLrkj rFkk bldh lhek,¡¡

dkj.k jgs gSa rFkk muosQ D;k ifj.kke Hkfo"; esa gks ldrs gSaA¸ (“The ultimate end of statistical research is uksV
to enable comparison to be made between past and present results with a view to ascertaining the
reasons for changes which have taken place and the effect of such changes on the future.”) —
Boddington

tkWulu ,oa tSDlu osQ vuqlkj] ¶lkaf[;dh; jhfr;ksa dk okLrfod mís'; rF;ksa ,oa la[;kvksa ls mfpr vFkZ
fudkyuk vKkr ?kVukvksa osQ ckjs esa [kkst djuk vkSj fLFkfr ij izdk'k Mkyuk gSA¸
vkt lkaf[;dh dk egRo bruk c<+ pqdk gS fd ;g ekuo thou osQ izR;sd igyw dks izHkkfor djrk gSA
izks- okWfyl ,oa jkWcV~lZ osQ vuqlkj] “Statistics is a tool which can be used in attacking problems that
arise in almost every field of empirical inquiry.” blosQ egRo dks ns[krs gq, bls ekuo dY;k.k dk vadxf.kr
Hkh dgk tkrk gSA jkWcVZ MCyw- cxsZl osQ vuqlkj] ¶lkaf[;dh dk ekSfyd fl¼kUr vKku] iwoZ/kj.kk] fujaoqQ'k lÙkk]
fujk/kj ,oa vifjiDo fu.kZ;] ijEijk,¡ o :f<+oknh fl¼kUrksa osQ {ks=k dks gVkdj ,sls {ks=k dh o`f¼ djuk gS tgk¡
fo'ys"k.k fd;s x;s ijh{k.kkRed rF;ksa osQ vk/kj ij fu.kZ; fy;s tkrs gSa vkSj fl¼kUr cuk, tkrs gSaA

1-3 lkaf[;dh osQ dk;Z vFkok foLrkj {ks=k (Functions or Scope of Statistics)

vk/qfud le; esa lkaf[;dh dh yxkrkj c<+rh gqbZ egÙkk dk eq[; dkj.k mlosQ }kjk foKku dh fofHkUu 'kk[kkvksa
osQ egRoiw.kZ dk;Z lEiUu gksuk gSA fdlh Hkh {ks=k esa lkaf[;dh jhfr;ksa }kjk leadksa dks ,df=kr djus rFkk mudk
fo'ys"k.k djosQ mfpr fu"d"kZ fudkyus okys O;fDr dks lkaf[;d (Statistician) dgrs gSaA fdlh Hkh lkaf[;d
osQ rhu izeq[k drZO; gksrs gSaμ
1. leadksa dk laxzg.kμloZizFke lkaf[;d ,d Li"V ;kstuk cukdj izkFkfed vFkok f}rh;d <ax ls
leadksa dks ladfyr djosQ mudk lEiknu dj 'kq¼rk dh tk¡p djrk gSA
2. fo'ys"k.kμblosQ vUrxZr og leadksa dks oxhZÑr ,oa mudk izLrqrhdj.k djrk gSA fiQj og leadksa dh
osQUnzh; izo`fÙk Kkr djus] mudh rqyuk djus rFkk muesa lEcU/ LFkkfir djus osQ fy, ekè;] vifdj.k]
fo"kerk] lg&lEcU/ vkfn vusd lkaf[;dh; jhfr;ksa dk iz;ksx djrk gSA
3. fuoZpu (Interpretation)μleadksa dk ladyu o fo'ys"k.k djus osQ ckn lkaf[;d muls roZQiw.kZ vkSj
fu"i{k fu"d"kZ fudkyrk gSA
okLro esa leadksa osQ vk/kj ij mfpr ifj.kke fudkyuk gh ladyu ,oa fo'ys"k.k dk ewyHkwr mís'; gSA
lkaf[;dh (Statistics) osQ izeq[k dk;Z fuEu gSaμ
1. rF;ksa dks la[;kRed cukuk (Statistics express facts in numbers)μlkaf[;dh dk izFke dk;Z rF;ksa
dks la[;kRed :i nsuk gksrk gS rkfd mudk fo'ys"k.k ,oa fuoZpu gks losQA
2. tfVy rF;ksa dks ljy cukuk (Simplification of complexities)μlkekU; O;fDr tfVy ,oa fc[kjs

gq, leadksa dks u rks ljyrk ls le> ldrk gS vkSj u gh dksbZ fu"d"kZ fudky ldrk gSA lkaf[;dh osQ
vUrxZr fofHkUu tfVy leadksa dks oxhZdj.k] lkj.kh;u] fp=ke; o fcUnqjs[kh; izn'kZu vkfn lkaf[;dh;
jhfr;ksa osQ }kjk ljy cuk;k tkrk gSA MkW- ,- ,y- ckmys osQ vuqlkj] ¶,d tfVy lewg osQ lkaf[;dh;
vuqeku dk mís'; ,d ,slk fp=k izLrqr djuk gksrk gS ftlls efLr"d lk/kj.k iz;Ru ls gh leLr lewg
osQ egRo dks le> losQA¸
3. rF;ksa dh rqyuk dj lEcU/ LFkkfir djuk (Comparison and establishment of

relationship)μrqyukRed vè;;u lkaf[;dh dk ,d izeq[k dk;Z gSA MkW- ckmys osQ vuqlkj]
¶lkaf[;dh dk eq[; O;kogkfjd mi;ksx lkisf{kd egRo] ftls fdlh O;fDr }kjk xyr le>us dh

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 3