Page 12 - DECO504_STATISTICAL_METHODS_IN_ECONOMICS_HINDI

vFkZ'kkL=k esa lkaf[;dh; fof/;k¡
uksV
6 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
vk£Fkd fu;kstu djus okys ;kstuk vk;ksx osQ vuqlkj] ¶ns'k osQ vk£Fkd fodkl osQ fy,] fo'ks"kdj fu;kstu osQ
mís';ksa dh iw£r djus vkSj uhfr o iz'kklu lEcU/h fu.kZ; ysus osQ fy, fujUrj vf/dkfèkd ek=kk esa mi;qDr
leadksa dh vko';drk gksrh gSA¸ blh izdkj ;fn vi;kZIr vkSj v'kq¼ leadksa osQ vk/kj ij fd;k tkus okyk
fu;kstu] fu;ksftr vFkZO;oLFkk osQ u gksus ls Hkh cqjk gSA Hkkjrh; fu;kstu osQ vk/kj leadksa esa lq/kj osQ fy,
dbZ mik; fd;s x;s ftuesa fo'ks"k :i ls fuEu mYys[kuh; gSaμosQUnzh; lkaf[;dh; laxBu (Central Statistical
Organisation), jk"Vªh; izfrn'kZ losZ{k.k (National Sample Survey), LFkk;h tux.kuk laxBu vkfn dh
LFkkiuk djuk] lead ladyu vf/fu;e dh O;oLFkk ,oa tula[;k] jk"Vªh; vk;] m|ksx] Ñf"k vkfn osQ leadksa
dks ,df=kr djus dh fof/;ksa esa O;kid lq/kj djukA bl izdkj jk"Vªh; vk;ksx vk£Fkd fu;kstu esa lkaf[;dh
dk O;kid iz;ksx djrk gS ftlosQ fcuk fu;kstu vlEHko lk gSA
izkphu dky esa lkaf[;dh dk iz;ksx fdl :i esa fd;k tkrk Fkk\
3. O;olk; ,oa okf.kT; esa egRo (Importance in Business and Commerce)μO;kikj] m|ksx] mRiknu ,oa
okf.kT; osQ izR;sd {ks=k esa lkaf[;dh dk vR;f/d egRo gSA ,d oqQ'ky O;kikjh ;k mRiknd leadksa osQ vk/
kj ij ek¡x osQ izfr tkx:d jgrk gS vkSj viuh O;kikfjd uhfr;ksa dk fu/kZj.k djrk gSA oLrq dh ek¡x dk
iwokZuqeku yxkus osQ fy, O;kikjh ekSle ifjorZuksa] O;kikj pØksa thou&Lrj] jLeks&fjokt] xzkgdksa dh #fp]
Ø;&'kfDr vkfn osQ miyC/ leadksa dks vk/kj cukrk gSA ek¡x osQ vfrfjDr dPps eky osQ Ø;] mRikn osQ
foØ;] ;krk;kr ykxr] foKkiu] foÙkh; lk/u] etnwjh] ewY; fu/kZfjr uhfr;ksa dk fu/kZj.k Hkh leadksa osQ
fo'ys"k.k }kjk djrk gSA ckW¯MxVu osQ vuqlkj] ¶,d liQy O;kikjh ogh gS ftldk vuqeku ;FkkFkZrk osQ
vR;fèkd fudV gksrk gSA¸ (“The successful businessman is the one whose estimate most closely
approaches accuracy.” —A. L. Boddington) vuqeku osQ xyr lkfcr gksus ij O;kikjh dks oLrq osQ LVkWd ,oa
ek¡x esa vlUrqyu gksus ossQ dkj.k ;k rks gkfu gksxh ;k mldk ykHk de gks tk,xkA leadksa osQ mfpr iz;ksx ls
O;kikjh viuh Hkwrdkyhu xyr uhfr;ksa dks lq/kjdj Hkkoh mfpr uhfr;ksa dk fuekZ.k djrk gS ftlls mls vf/
dkf/d ykHk gksA u;s m|ksx osQ izorZu dh fofHkUu leL;kvksa osQ lek/ku esa Hkh lead lgk;d gksrs gSaA
izcU/ ys[kkadu ,oa O;olkf;d ys[kkdeZ osQ {ks=k esa Hkh lkaf[;dh vkSj mlosQ leadksa dk cgqr egRo gSA leadksa dh
lgk;rk ls ,d O;olk;h oLrq dh izfr bdkbZ ykxr] dk;Z{kerk dk lgh ekiu] viO;;ksa] vk£Fkd ferO;f;rkvksa
,oa oLrq ;k lsok dk ewY;&fu/kZj.k djrk gSA bUgha leadksa osQ vk/kj ij O;kolkf;d [kkrs rS;kj fd;s tkrs gSa ftuosQ
vk/kj ij O;olk; dh Hkkoh uhfr;k¡ rS;kj dh tkrh gSaA bUgha leadksa osQ vk/kj ij cktkj vuqlU/ku] Jfedksa dh
fu;qfDr o izf'k{k.k] foØ; O;oLFkk o fu;U=k.k rFkk fofu;ksx uhfr dks fo'ysf"kr fd;k tkrk gSA
okf.kT; osQ vU; {ks=kksa_ tSlsμcS¯dx] LdU/ foif.k (Stock Exchange), mit foif.k (Produce
Exchange) rFkk chek O;olk; (Insurance) vkfn esa lkaf[;dh ,oa leadksa dh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gksrh gSA cSad
viuh uhfr;ksa (Í.k uhfr] lk[k uhfr ,oa fofu;ksx uhfr) dk fu/kZj.k O;kikj pØksa] eqnzk cktkj dh fLFkfr]
osQUnzh; cSad dh uhfr ,oa nzO; dh ekSleh ek¡x vkfn ls lEcfU/r leadksa osQ vk/kj ij djrk gSA
LdU/ foif.k ,oa mit foif.k dk {ks=k Hkh leadksa ij gh vk/kfjr gSA lV~Vsckt o nykyksa dks Hkh va'kksa (Shares)
vkSj oLrqvksa osQ fiNys ewY; leadksa o ek¡x&iw£r dh orZeku fLFkfr osQ vk/kj ij iwokZuqeku yxkus iM+rs gSa tks
fd leadksa o lkaf[;dh }kjk lEHko ,oa ljy gSA fo'ks"kr% orZeku ;qx esa vfxze O;kikj (advance trading)
djus okyksa (ok;nk O;kikj) osQ fy, leadksa dk iz;ksx vifjgk;Z gSA izks- Cys;j osQ vuqlkj] ¶;fn lekpkj&i=kksa]
if=kdkvksa] jsfM;ks] ehfM;k vkSj rkj dh fjiksVks± ls izkIr ewY; lead ,d fnu osQ fy, gVk fy;s tk;s rks
O;kolkf;d txr~ 'kfDrghu gks tk,xkA ;fn orZeku ;qx ls oqQy miyC/ lead lalkj ls ,d o"kZ osQ fy, gVk