Page 13 - DECO504_STATISTICAL_METHODS_IN_ECONOMICS_HINDI

bdkbZ—1% lkaf[;dh dh ifjHkk"kk % lkaf[;dh dk egÙo] foLrkj rFkk bldh lhek,¡¡

fn;s tk;sa rks bldk ifj.kke gksxkμvk£Fkd vO;oLFkk ,oa fouk'kA¸ uksV
chek O;olk; esa Hkh izhfe;e njksa dk fu/kZj.k djrs le; thou izR;k'kk] thou lkjf.k;k¡] izkf;drk fl¼kUr rFkk
tula[;k lEcU/h vk¡dM+ksa dk iz;ksx djuk iM+rk gSA lkaf[;dh; fo'ys"k.k }kjk gh ;s vuqeku yxkrs tkrs gSa fd
fuf'pr vk;q ij vkSlr O;fDr dh fdrus le; rd thus dh vk'kk gSA chek laLFkkvksa esa fo'ks"k ewY;kadu
lkaf[;dh; jhfr;ksa ls fd;k tkrk gSA blh izdkj jsy] lM+d ,oa ok;q ;krk;kr osQ {ks=k esa Hkh leadksa dk iz;ksx
gksrk gSA jsyos dh lapkyu oqQ'kyrk dk eki] fdjk;s&HkkM+s dk fu/kZj.k vkSj ctV dk fuekZ.k lkaf[;dh; rF;ksa
ij vk/kfjr gSA
vr% O;kolkf;d izcU/ ,oa iz'kklu esa lead vR;Ur mi;ksxh gksrs gSaA cM+h&cM+h O;kikfjd ,oa vkS|ksfxd
laLFkkvksa esa leadksa osQ ladyu] fo'ys"k.k vkSj fuoZpu osQ fy, vyx lkaf[;dh; foHkkx gksrk gS tks izcU/dksa
dks mi;qDr ijke'kZ nsrk jgrk gSA
4. vFkZ'kkL=k esa egRo (Importance in Economic Field)μorZeku esa vFkZ'kkL=k lkaf[;dh osQ fcuk vèkwjk gksrk
gSA ;k&yqu pkÅ osQ vuqlkj] ¶vFkZ'kkL=kh] vk£Fkd lewgksa tSls ldy jk"Vªh; mRikn] miHkksx] cpr] fofu;ksx]
O;; vkSj eqnzk ossQ ewY; esa gksus okys ifjorZuksa osQ ekiu osQ fy, leadksa ij fuHkZj jgrs gSaA os vk£Fkd fl¼kUrksa
dk lR;kiu djus rFkk ifjdYiukvksa dh tk¡p djus osQ fy, Hkh lkaf[;dh; fof/ dk gh iz;ksx djrs gSaA¸
vFkZ'kkL=k dh fdlh Hkh leL;k dk lek/ku lkaf[;dh; jhfr;ksa osQ iz;ksx osQ fcuk vR;Ur dfBu gSA vFkZ'kkL=k
osQ lHkh {ks=kksa osQ fu;eksa ,oa fl¼kUrksa dks lkaf[;dh osQ }kjk gh fo'ysf"kr ,oa fuoZfpr fd;k tkrk gSA
vFkZ'kkL=k osQ izFke {ks=k miHkksx osQ leadksa ls fofHkUu O;fDr;ksa osQ thou&Lrj fofHkUu enksa ij muosQ O;;]
bPNkvksa dh lkis{krk ,oa ek¡x dh yksp vkfn dh mfpr tkudkjh feyrh gSA
f}rh; {ks=k mRiknu osQ leadkas ls jk"Vªh; lEifÙk dh ek=kk] jk"Vªh; ykHkka'k dk vuqeku] iw¡th&fuekZ.k] mRiknu
uhfr;ksa dk fu/kZj.k ,oa mlesa gksus okys ifjorZuksa ,oa dkj.kksa dk irk pyrk gSA
r`rh; {ks=k fofue; osQ leadksa ls ns'k dh O;kolkf;d izxfr] vk;kr&fu;kZr] Hkqxrku lUrqyu] O;kikfjd <k¡pk ,oa
ns'k dh eqnzk dh ek=kk esa gksus okys ifjorZuksa osQ lEcU/ esa mi;ksxh lwpuk feyrh gSA
prqFkZ {ks=k forj.k osQ leadksa dh lgk;rk ls jk"Vªh; lEifÙk osQ forj.k dk vk/kj jk"Vªh; ykHkka'k dk mRiknu
osQ fofHkUu lk/uksa esa Hkkx] fofHkUu rcdksa dh vk£Fkd fLFkfr] izfr O;fDr vk; vkfn dk Kku gksrk gSA
lkaf[;dh dh lkoZHkkSfed mi;ksfxrk (Universal Utility of Statistics)μlkaf[;dh ,d ,slk foKku gS
ftldk iz;ksx fnuksafnu thou ,oa foKku osQ izR;sd {ks=k esa c<+rk tk jgk gSA lekt'kkL=k] vFkZ'kkL=k] HkkSfrdh]
jlk;u o thou 'kkL=k] f'k{kk] jkT;] ekSle] u{k=k foKku] fpfdRlk'kkL=k vkfn lHkh foKkuksa esa lkaf[;dh;
foospu vfr vko';d gSA fVIisV osQ vuqlkj] ¶lkaf[;dh izR;sd O;fDr dks izHkkfor djrh gS vkSj thou dks
vusd fcUnqvksa ij Li'kZ djrh gSA¸ ,MoMZ osQus osQ vuqlkj] ¶vktdy lkaf[;dh; jhfr;ksa dk iz;ksx Kku ,oa
vuqlU/ku dh izR;sd 'kk[kk] vkjs[kh; dykvksa ls ysdj u{k=k HkkSfrdh rd vkSj yxHkx izR;sd izdkj osQ
O;kogkfjd mi;ksxμlaxhr jpuk ls ysdj iz{ksi.kkL=k funsZ'ku rd esa fd;k tkrk gSA¸ orZeku esa lkaf[;dh dk
Kku vR;Ur mi;ksxh Kku gS tks thou osQ izR;sd {k.k dke vkrk gSA MkW- ckmys osQ vuqlkj] ¶lkaf[;dh dk Kku
fons'kh Hkk"kk ;k chtxf.kr osQ leku gS tks fdlh Hkh le;] fdlh Hkh ifjfLFkfr esa mi;ksxh fl¼ gks ldrk gSA¸
vr% vUr esa ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd orZeku ;qx lkaf[;dh dk ;qx gSA

1-5 lkaf[;dh dh lhek,¡ (Limitations of Statistics)

vkt lkaf[;dh ,d egRoiw.kZ foKku ekuk tkrk gS ijUrq izR;sd foKku 'kk[kk osQ leku gh bldh oqQN lhek,¡
gksrh gSaA ;fn ladfyr leadksa dk fo'ys"k.k ,oa fuoZpu djrs le; bu lhekvksa dk è;ku u j[kk tk, rks fudkys

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