Page 10 - DECO504_STATISTICAL_METHODS_IN_ECONOMICS_HINDI

vFkZ'kkL=k esa lkaf[;dh; fof/;k¡

uksV lEHkkouk jgrh gS] izdV djuk gksrk gSA lead izk;% lnSo gh rqyukRed gksrs gSaA¸
lg&lEcU/ vkSj xq.k&lkgp;Z dh jhfr;ksa }kjk fofHkUu ?kVukvksa tSls eqnzk dh ek=kk vkSj lkekU; ewY;
Lrj] o"kkZ dh ek=kk vkSj Ñf"k mRiknu vkfn esa ik;s tkus okys lEcU/ dks Li"V fd;k tk ldrk gSA

lkaf[;dh esa fofHkUu rF;ksa dh rqyuk djus osQ fy, ekè;] lwpdkad] xq.kkad vkfn
dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

4. uhfr&fu/kZj.k djuk (Formulation of policies)μlkaf[;dh lkekftd] vk£Fkd] O;kikfjd rFkk vU;
{ks=kksa dh uhfr&fu/kZj.k djus esa lgk;d gksrh gSA ladfyr fd;s x;s leadksa dk fo'ys"k.k djosQ gh ns'k
dh vk;kr o fu;kZr uhfr;k¡] ewY; uhfr] mRiknu uhfr;k¡] e|&fu"ks/ uhfr vkfn dk fu/kZj.k fd;k tkrk
gSA blosQ lkFk gh orZeku ewY; uhfr] [kk| uhfr] ekSfnzd uhfr] djkjksi.k] eqnzk ,oa cSa¯dx uhfr;ksa osQ
ifj.kkeksa dk ewY;kadu Hkh lkaf[;dh }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA bl izdkj uhfr] fu/kZfjr djuk ,oa igys ls
fu/kZfjr uhfr;ksa osQ izHkkoksa dk ewY;kadu djuk lkaf[;dh dk izeq[k dk;Z gSA
5. O;fDrxr Kku ,oa vuqHko esa o`f¼ (Statistics enlarges individual knowledge and
experience)μMkW- cmys osQ vuqlkj] ¶lkaf[;dh dk mfpr dk;Z okLro esa O;fDrxr vuqHko esa o`f¼
djuk gSA¸ lkaf[;dh dh lgk;rk ls euq"; viuh lkspus&le>us dh 'kfDr ,oa ;ksX;rk dks vf/d
fodflr dj ldrk gSA blosQ vè;;u ls fopkjksa dks Li"Vrk ,oa fu'p;kRedrk feyrh gSA leadksa osQ
fo'ys"k.k o fuoZpu ls euq"; dh rk£dd 'kfDr esa o`f¼ gksrh gS vkSj izR;sd leL;k osQ lek/ku osQ
fy, mfpr n`f"Vdks.k fodflr gks tkrk gSA lkaf[;dh; jhfr;ksa osQ mfpr iz;ksx osQ fcuk ekuo Kku viw.kZ
vkSj vi;kZIr gSA lkaf[;dh O;fDr dh Kku ifjf/ dk foLrkj djus esa lgk;rk djrh gSA fàfiy osQ
vuqlkj] ¶lkaf[;dh O;fDr osQ f{kfrt dk foLrkj djus esa lgk;d gksrh gSA¸ (“Statistics enables one
to enlarge his horizon.”–Whipple)

6. iwokZuqeku yxkuk (Forecasting for the future)μ;g dk;Z vkUrjx.ku] ckáx.ku rFkk iwokZuqeku vkfn
fØ;kvksa }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA vk£Fkd fodkl dh lHkh ;kstuk,¡ Hkkoh vuqekuksa osQ vk/kj ij gh cukbZ
tkrh gSaA MkW- ckmys osQ vuqlkj] ¶,d lkaf[;dh; vuqeku vPNk gks ;k cqjk] Bhd gks ;k xyr] ijUrq
izk;% izR;sd n'kk esa og ,d vkdfLed izs{kd osQ vuqeku ls vf/d Bhd gksxk vkSj mldh izÑfr
osQoy lkaf[;dh; jhfr;ksa osQ }kjk gh xyr fl¼ dh tk ldrh gSA¸

lkaf[;dh osQ vUrxZr fofHkUu jhfr;ksa osQ }kjk osQoy orZeku rF;ksa dk fo'ys"k.k gh ugha fd;k
tkrk vfirq Hkfo"; osQ vuqeku Hkh yxk;s tkrs gSaA

7. oSKkfud fu;eksa dh lR;rk dh tk¡p (Statistics tests the law of other sciences)μlHkh foKkuksa
osQ fu;e vf/dka'kr% fuxeu iz.kkyh (Deduction method) }kjk fodflr fd;s x;s gSaA lkaf[;dh;
jhfr;ksa osQ }kjk iqjkus fu;eksa osQ ijh{k.k vkSj u;s fu;eksa osQ fuekZ.k esa lgk;rk feyrh gSA cgqr ls
fu;e tks fuxeu fofèk }kjk izfrikfnr ugha fd;s tk losQ] mudks cukus osQ fy, lkaf[;dh dk lgkjk
fy;k tkrk gSA leadksa osQ vk/kj ij gh ekYFkl tula[;k fl¼kUr] nzO; osQ ifjek.k fl¼kUr esa vusd
la'kks/u fd;s x;s gSaA lkaf[;dh; fo'ys"k.k osQ vk/kj ij fu£er fu;e cgqr gh fLFkj ,oa
lkoZHkkSfed izÑfr osQ gksrs gSaA

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