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Unit–25: Programmed Learning/Instruction

25.3.1 Programmed Learning and Programmed Instruction Notes

Programmed Instruction and Programmed learning are considered as opposite of each other in
education sector. British teachers like to use the Programmed Learning Phase while American teachers
like to use the Programmed Instruction phase.

25.3.2 Programmed Instruction and Educational Technology

Programmed Instruction by itself is not a complete educational technology rather it is a part of educational
technology. Both the hardware approach and software approach are learned in this approach.

Programmed Instruction is a soft approach which tries to bring desired changes in
the students behaviour, so it only a part of educational technology.

25.3.3 Programmed Instruction and Traditional Method of Teaching

Comparison of programmed instruction and traditional method of teaching is done by the following
table

Programmed Instruction Traditional Method of Teaching
1. This instruction is individual. 1. Generally it is a group technology.
2. In this method, material is presented one by 2. In this, complete material is presented in a
one ( in a logical manner). collective manner.

3. Immediate feedback is provided to students. 3. Immediate feedback is not provided to students.

4. Objectives are defined clearly. In other words 4. Since education objective have wide format
educational objectives are written in behavioural so neither they are clearly defi ned nor can be
dictionary. used properly in communication.
5. Teacher prepares instructional material with 5. Very less preparation occurs.
complete attention, purity and precautions.
6. Students have active collaboration in learning. 6. Mostly, students remain inactive.
7. Efforts are made to improve programmed 7. It is difficult to improve or change traditional

instruction on the basis of the evaluation of teaching method on the basis of students
students responses. responses.
8. Psychological learning and teaching principles 8. It is not possible to use teaching principles
are used. completely.
9. It is student-centred. 9. It can be student-centred or subject-centred.
10. Special attention is given to individual 10. It is not possible to give attention to individual
diversity. diversity.

Self-Assessment

1. Fill in the blanks:
(i) In .................... Sidney L. Presse developed a teaching machine by which a series of questions is
presented in front of students

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