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Unit–25: Programmed Learning/Instruction

Notes
(Schedules of Reinforcement)

(1) (2)

(Continuous Reinforcement) (Intermittent Reinforcement)

(A) (B)

(Ratio Schedule) (Interval Schedule)

(A ) (A )
1
2
(Fixed Ratio Schedule) (Variable Ratio Schedule)

(B ) (B )
1
2
(Fixed Interval Schedule) (Variable Interval Schedule)

(i) Continuous Reinforcement—In Continuous Reinforcement, students keep responding and
reinforcement is provided after every response. In other words, reinforcement is given after response due
to which behaviour becomes more strong. In linear programmed instruction, this type of reinforcement
is provided at each fraction.
(ii) Intermittent Reinforcement—In this, reinforcement is not provided for every response, in other
words, sometime reinforcement is provided and sometime not.
Intercommiment Reinforcement-Reinforcement is called in hindi. This reinforcement has two schedules—
(A) Ration Schedule Reinforcement.
(B) Interval Schedule Reinforcement.
(A) Ratio Schedule Reinforcement—In the ratio schedule of intermittent reinforcement, importance
is given to students’ response and reinforcement is given in a fixed ratio such 5:1 which means

reinforcement will be given after every five response. As a result of this type of reinforcement, students

response becomes more rapid.
Ratio Reinforcement has two schedules—
(A ) Fixed Ratio Schedule Reinforcement.
1
(A )Variable Ratio Schedule Reinforcement.
2
(A ) Fixed Ratio Schedule Reinforcement—In fi xed ratio schedule reinforcement it is decided that for
1
how many responses, reinforcement will be given. Reinforcement is given in the same proportion in

which the ratio is fixed such reinforcement will be given after every five response. This reinforcement

has founded to be effective in class teaching. According to Lundane providing less ratio in the being and
steadily higher ratio can give better results.
(A ) Variable Ratio Schedule Reinforcement—In this type of reinforcement it is clear that after
2
how many responses, reinforcement is to be given. Sometimes reinforcement is given after two

response, sometime after five response and sometimes after twelve responses. Therefore it is called as
variable ratio schedule reinforcement. Students keeps responding but they don’t when they will get
reinforcement.

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