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Unit-4: Instructional Designs

3. It provides an appropriate sequence for dividing the work analysis of teacher into elements. Notes
4. Branching Programmed learning is a result of it.
5. Solves the experimental problem of teacher training.
6. Endeavour to improve existing training programs.
7. Helps in deciding the training goals and plans to organize real educational training programs.
8. While respecting the individual diversity of students, assists them.

9. This design has an important role in preparing remedial instructions, development of curriculum
and instructional material.
10. Makes teaching and training more effective.

4.4 Cybernetics Design

Cybernetics has been evolved from a Greek word “Kybernets” which means Pilot or Governer. The
word “Kybornets” means “to govern”. Therefore it can be said that cybernetics refers to a system or
design to govern. It is a Science of communication and control. Control is the basic element of this
design. Here control refers to mutual relation. [In the agreement of self-regulation and continuity, this
design emphasize on the desired changes in the student’s behaviour by controlling them.]

4.4.1 Basic Elements

There are three basic elements of cybernetics Design—
1. Input—It is first necessary input to the entire process, or is the presentation of teaching
material. For example–charts, diagrams, audio-visual material, written-symbolic material in
the library. So it is a unit that makes us aware of the process and we receive learning material
and information.

Another interesting input is to be an objective instruction system, which is confirmed by this design.
The third input gives place to student’s personal characteristics in the instructional system and the
last input pursue students in the form of response.
2. Output—In instructional system, to perform in front of students is called output. This unit is the
result of sequence process which can be written and non-writing. Its goals is to produce some
responses.
3. Processor—Through this, information or materials are used in the revision and refi nement. Processor
also refers to that tool which demonstrates facts with a linear method, respectively.
In cybernetics system, communication process is of two types—
1. Open Loop system—Achievements obtained in open loop system doesn’t affect any future work.
It is neither affected by input nor by output.
2. Closed Loop system—In this, input and output becomes the parts of the system and affects
experiments, results and achievements of future. This type is process is called as cybernetics
system.
According to this design, teacher and student work as a machine and communication and control
process keep running in educational process. Teacher teaches students with different methods – make
them able to learn and provide innovative knowledge.

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