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Educational Technology




                          Notes


                                                The combined form of learning principles along with learning situations, tasks,
                                               techniques and approaches in order to change the students’ behaviour is called
                                               instructional Design.




                                      According to David Merrill—
                                      “Instructional design is the process of specifying and producing particular environmental
                                      situations which cause the learner to interact in such a way that a specified change occurs in his
                                      behaviour.”
                                      According to Derick Unnwin—“Instructional design is concerned application of modern skills and
                                      techniques of requirement of education and training. This includes the facilitation of learning by
                                      manipulation of media and methods and the control of environment is so far as this refl ects on
                                      learning.”



                                      4.1  Assumptions of Instructional Designs

                                        1.  Instructional Design is based on teaching principles.
                                        2.  It easily accepts the conceptual facts for testing.
                                        3.  Physical, computerized and mathematical designs support instructional designs.

                                        4.  Patterns are necessary for the measurement of Instructional designs. Behaviour is controlled in terms
                                          of its consequences.
                                        5.  Regulations, principles and structure, all are important to Instructional design.
                                        6.  Teaching is both the art and science.
                                        7.  Teacher is developed through effective training.

                                        8.  All the phases–learning strategies, teaching principles and organization of course, are important in
                                          instructional design.


                                               Table—A Comparative Study of Different Types of Educational Technologies

                                         Comparative     Teaching Technology  Instructional Technology  Behavioural Technology
                                            Points
                                       1.  Exponent    Morrison, Herbart, Davis,   Bruner, Glazer, Iasubel etc.  Skinner, Amiden, fl ender,
                                                       Hunt etc.                                    Over etc.
                                       2.  Objectives  Development of cognitive,   Only cognitive objectives  Development of cognitive,
                                                       abstractive and functional                   abstractive and functional
                                                       objectives                                   objectives
                                       3. Approach     Content and communication  Physical          Behaviour
                                       4.  Components  All major basic        Structuring, organization   Interaction between
                                                       components– contents and   and presentation of   communication, students
                                                       communication, teacher and   contents. Students are more   and teacher, analysis
                                                       student                active components




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