Page 246 - DEDU403_EDUCATIONAL_TECHNOLOGY_HINDI
P. 246
bdkbZ—25% vfHkØfer vf/xe@vuqns'ku
tkus osQ fy, nqxquh 'kfÙkQ ls izsfjr gksdj izHkko'kkyh <ax ls yx tkrs FksA lu~ 1950 osQ i'pkr~ ch- ,iQ- fLduj uksV
us lh[kus ij muosQ iz;ksx fd;s vkSj ,d Lo&f'k{k.k (Self-teaching) lkexzh dk fuekZ.k fd;kA blh lkexzh
dks vfHkØfer vè;;u ;k vfHkØfer vuqns'ku (Programmed Learning) vFkok vfHkØfer vf/xe dk
uke fn;k x;kA
25-1 vfHkØfer vuqns'ku dk vFkZ (Meaning of Programmed Learning)
fLeFk o ewjs (Smith and moore) osQ 'kCnksa esa] ¶vfHkØfer vuqns'ku fdlh vf/xe lkexzh dks Øfed inksa
dh Üka`[kyk esa O;ofLFkr djus okyh ,d fØ;k gS] ftlosQ }kjk Nk=kksa dks mudh ifjfpr i`"BHkwfe ls ,d uohu
rFkk tfVy izR;;ksa] fl¼kUrksa rFkk vocks/ksa dh vksj ys tk;k tkrk gSA**
“Programmed instruction is the process of arranging the material to be learned into a
series of sequential steps, usually it moves the student from a familiar background
into a complex and new set of concept principles and understanding.”
tsEl- bZ- ,fLip rFkk fcyZ fofy;El osQ vuqlkj] ¶vfHkØfer vuqns'ku vuqHkoksa dk og fu;ksftr Øe gS tks
míhid&vuqfØ;k lEcU/ osQ :i esa l{kerk (proficiency) dh vksj ys tkrk gSA**
“Programmed instruction is a planned sequence of experiences leading to proficiency
in terms of stimulus response relationship”.
LVksiQy (Stoffel) us] ^^Kku osQ NksVs va'kksa dks ,d rkfoZQd Øe esa O;ofLFkr djus dks vfHkØe rFkk bldh
lEiw.kZ izfØ;k dks vfHkØfer vuqns'ku dgk gSA**
“The arrangements of tiny bits of knowledge into logical sequence is called the
‘programmed’ and its process is called, ‘Programmed Learning’ ”
yhFk (Leith) osQ vuqlkj] ¶vfHkØfer vuqns'ku] vuqns'ku lkexzh osQ NksVs&NksVs inksa vFkok iszQeksa (Frames)
dh ,d Ük`a[kyk gSA bu inksa esa ls vf/dka'k esa vuqfØ;k osQ fy;s fdlh okD; esa fjDr LFkku dh iw£r djuh gksrh
gSA visf{kr vuqfØ;kvksa osQ fy;s fdlh laosQr iz.kkyh dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSS vkSj izR;sd vuqfØ;k dh iqf"V
ifj.kkeksa osQ rRdky Kku }kjk dh tkrh gSA¸
“Programmed learning is a sequence of small steps of instructional material (called
Games), most of which require a response to be made by completing a blank space in a
sentence. To ensure that expected responses are given, a system of cueing is applied
and each response is verified by the provision of immediate knowledge of results.”
,u- ,l- ekoh (N.S.Mavi) dgrs gSa_ ¶vfHkØfer vuqns'ku] ltho vuqns'kkRed izfØ;k dks ^Lo;a&vf/xe*
vFkok ^Lo;a&vuqns'ku* esa ifjo£rr djus dh og rduhd gS ftlesa fo"k;&oLrq dks NksVh&NksVh dfM+;ksa esa
foHkkftr fd;k tkrk gS] ftUgsa lh[kus okys dks i<+dj vuqfØ;k djuh gksrh gS] ftlosQ lgh vFkok xyr gksus
dk mls rqjUr irk py tkrk gSA¸
“Programmed instruction is a technique of converting the live-instructional process
into self-learning or auto instructional readable material if the form of micro-sequence
of subject-matter which the learners are required to read and make some response,
the correctness or incorrectness of which is told to him immediately.”
lwlu ekoZQys (Susan Markle) osQ vuqlkj] ¶vfHkØfer vuqns'ku iqu% izLrqr dh tk ldus okyh fØ;kvksa
dh Ük`a[kyk dks lajfpr djus dh og fof/ gS] ftldh lgk;rk ls O;fDrxr :i ls izR;sd Nk=k osQ O;ogkj esa
ekiuh; vkSj fo'oluh; ifjorZu yk;k tk losQA
“Programmed instruction is a method of designing reproducible sequence of
instructional events to produce measurable and consistent effect on the behaviours of
each and every acceptable student.”
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 239
