Page 247 - DEDU403_EDUCATIONAL_TECHNOLOGY_HINDI

'kSf{kd rduhdh

uksV tsEl bZ- ,fLip rFkk fcyZ fofy;El us vfHkØfer vuqns'ku dh ifjHkk"kk bl izdkj nh gS] ¶vfHkØfer
vuqns'ku vuqHkoksa dk og fu;ksftr Øe gS] tks míhid vuqfØ;k lEcU/ osQ :i esa oqQ'kyrk dh vksj ys tkrk
gSA¸
“Programmed instruction is a planned sequence of experiences leading to proficiency
in terms of stimulus-response relationship.”
f'k{kk'kkL=kh Mh- ,y- oqQd (D.L. Cook) osQ erkuqlkj] ¶vfHkØfer vf/xe] Lo&f'k{k.k fof/;ksa osQ O;kid
lEizR;; dks Li"V djus osQ fy;s iz;qDr ,d fo/k gSA¸
“Programmed learning is a term sometimes used synonimously to refer to the broader
concept of auto-instructional method.”

uksV~l mi;qZDr ifjHkk"kkvksa osQ foospu osQ vk/kj ij dgk tk ldrk gS fd vfHkØfer vè;;u og vuqns'ku
gS ftlesa ikB~;&lkexzh dks NksVs inksa esa foHkkftr djosQ Üak`[kykc¼ fd;k tkrk gS rFkk bls Nk=kksa osQ le{k
Øekuqlkj izLrqr djosQ] de ls de xyfr;k¡ djrs gq, mUgsa uohu ,oa tfVy fo"k;&oLrq dh f'k{kk]
mudh viuh xfr osQ vuqlkj iznku dh tkrh gSA bl lkjh izfØ;k esa Nk=kksa dks viuh izxfr osQ Kku osQ
}kjk i`"B&iks"k.k (Feedback) fn;k tkrk gSA

25-2 vfHkØfer vè;;u lkexzh dh fo'ks"krk,¡
(Characteristics of Programmed Learning Material)

vfHkØfer vè;;u lkexzh dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk,¡ fuEukafdr gSaµ
1- vfHkØfer lkexzh O;fDrfu"B (Individual) gksrh gS vkSj blesa ,d le; esa osQoy ,d gh O;fDr
lh[krk gSA
2- blesa ikB~;&lkexzh dks NksVs ls NksVs va'kksa esa foHkkftr fd;k tkrk gSA
3- fiQj NksVs&NksVs va'kksa dks Ük`a[kykc¼ fd;k tkrk gSA
4- vfHkØfer lkexzh esa izR;sd in vius vkxs okys in ls rk£dd Øe esa LokHkkfod :i ls tqM+k gksrk
gSA
5- lh[kus okys dks lfØ; lrr~ iz;kl (vuqfØ;k) djus iM+rs gSaA
6- Nk=kksa dks rRdky mudh izxfr osQ fo"k; esa lwpuk nh tkrh gS fd mudk iz;kl lgh Fkk ;k xyrA bl
izdkj rRdky i`"B&iks"k.k (Feedback) mUgsa feyrk jgrk gSA
7- Nk=kksa dks viuh xfr ls fo"k;&oLrq lh[kus osQ volj izkIr gksrs gSaA (Principle of Self Pacing)
8- vfHkØfer lkexzh iw.kZ&ijhf{kr rFkk oS/ gksrh gSA
9- blesa Nk=kksa osQ iwoZ O;ogkjksa rFkk /kj.kkvksa dk fof'k"Vhdj.k fd;k tkrk gSA bu O;ogkjksa esa Hkk"kk dh
ljyrk rFkk cks/xE;rk dk Lrj] miyfC/ Lrj] i`"BHkwfe rFkk ekufld Lrj dks Hkh è;ku esa j[kk tkrk gSA

10- bleas míhiu] vuqfØ;k rFkk iqucZyu] ;s rhuksa rRo fØ;k'khy jgrs gSaA
11- blesa lh[kus esa vis{kkÑr =kqfV;ksa dh nj (Error Rate) rFkk xyfr;ksa dh nj (Fault Rate) dkiQh
de jgrh gSA
12- D;kasfd blesa i`"Biks"k.k (Feedback) rqjUr feyrk gS] vr% Nk=kksa dh lgh vuqfØ;k;sa iqucZfyr
(Reinforced) gks tkrh gSa] ftlls izHkko'kkyh f'k{k.k esa lgk;rk feyrh gSA Nk=k dh izR;sd vuqfØ;k
mls ,d u;k Kku iznku djrh gSA

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