Page 285 - DEDU403_EDUCATIONAL_TECHNOLOGY_HINDI

'kSf{kd rduhdh

uksV f'k{kk dgk tkrk gSA ;g ,d LorU=k iz.kkyh osQ :i eas vFkok fdlh cM+h iz.kkyh osQ vax osQ :i esa lh[kus okyksa
dks ,d fuf'pr lewg dks fuf'pr 'kSf{kd mís';ksa dh izkfIr osQ fy;s enn nsrh gSA
“A distance education is an organized systematic educational activity carried on outside
the frame work of the established formal system. Whether operating separately or as
an important feature of some broader activity that is intended to serve identifiable
learning clienteles and learning objectives.”
cksthZ gkseoxZ (1981) bl lUnHkZ esa fy[krs gSa] ¶f'k{kk osQ lHkh Lrjksa ij vè;;u osQ fofHkUu izdkj tks f'k{kd
osQ fujUrj rRdkyhu fujh{k.k esa ugha gS] mUgsa nwjorhZ f'k{kk dgk tkrk gSA¸
ozSMes;j (1977) vius fopkj izn£'kr djrs gq;s dgrs gSa] ¶LorU=k vè;;u (Independent Study),
f'k{k.k&vfèkxe dh fofHkUu voLFkkvksa dh O;oLFkk djrk gS] ftlesa f'k{kd ,oa Nk=k ijLij ,d&nwljs ls vyx
jgdj vko';d dk;ks± rFkk mÙkjnkf;Roksa dk fuokZg djrs gSa] fofHkUu fofèk;ksa ls lEioZQ djrs gSaA LorU=k vè;;u
dk mís'; fo|ky; osQ Nk=kksa dks d{kk osQ vuqi;qDr LFkku rFkk izk:i ls eqDr djuk gS rFkk fo|ky; ls ckgj
osQ Nk=kksa dks muosQ vius okrkoj.k esa vè;;u djrs jgus osQ volj iznku djuk gksrk gSA bl izdkj ls Nk=kksa
esa Lor% fuèkkZfjr vfèkxe dh {kerk fodflr gksrh jgrh gSA
mi;qZDr ifjHkk"kk esa ozSMes;j us nwjorhZ f'k{kk osQ LFkku ij ^LorU=k vè;;u* 'kCn dk iz;ksx fd;k gSA
ihVlZ (1973) dgrs gSa fd nwjorhZ f'k{kk] Kku] dkS'ky rFkk vfHko`fÙk iznku djus dh ,d uohu rFkk mHkjrh
gq;h] fof'k"V vko';drkvksa dh iw£r djus okyh 'kSf{kd lajpuk gS tks nwjxkeh f'k{kk osQ :i esa yksxksa dks f'k{kk
nsus esa leFkZ gSA

ekyde vkfn'ks"kS;k (1981) osQ vuqlkjµ¶nwjorhZ f'k{kk dk rkRi;Z ml f'k{k.k izfØ;k ls gS] ftlesa LFkku vkSj
le; osQ vk;ke f'k{k.k vkSj vfèkxe osQ eè; gLr{ksi djrs gSaA¸
“It refers to the teaching learning process undertaken where a space and/or time
dimension intervene between the teaching and learning.”

Mk- oqQekj (1996)µ
“Distance education is therefore, anyone or a combination of various forms of study
other than the continuous and immediate supervision of teachers in classroom
situations. Lessons from educational psychology and theories of learning are employed
in the design and development of instruction. Planning, preparing, tutoring, guidance
and counselling and evaluation of learning are done with due regard to the latest
developments in instructional design.”

th- jkek jsM~Mh (1998) us nwjorhZ f'k{kk dks ¶,d izorZudkjh] vikjaifjd rFkk v:<+ iz.kkyh osQ :i esa] f'k{kk
ifjljksa esa rFkk f'k{kk ifjljksa ls ckgj vè;;ujr] nksuksa izdkj osQ Nk=kksa dks vko';drk iwjh djus okyh crk;k
gSA¸ os vkxs dgrs gSa] ¶cqfu;knh rkSj ij nwjorhZ f'k{kk iz.kkyh dk tksj Nk=k rFkk f'k{kd osQ vyxko ij gS ftlls
Nk=kksa dks Lok;Ùk :i ls lh[kus dk volj feyrk gSA nksuksa osQ eè; tks Hkh ekè;e gks] mlosQ }kjk ijLij lapkj
LFkkfir fd;k tkrk gS_ tSlsµMkd ;k bySDVªksfud izs"k.k] VsyhiQksu] VsysDl ;k iSQDl] nksrjiQk jsfM;ksµftlesa
lax.kd vkSj Vh- oh- osQ insZ tqM+s jgrs gSa vkSj lax.kd }kjk fu;fU=kr var%fØ;kRed ^ohfM;ks fMLd* vkfnA
Mk- oqQyJs"B osQ 'kCnksa esa ¶nwjorhZ f'k{kk O;kid rFkk vukSipkfjd f'k{kk dh ,d fofèk gS ftlesa nwj&nwj
LFkkuksa ij fLFkr Nk=k] 'kSf{kd rduhdh }kjk izk;ksftr fodYiksa esa ls fdUgha fuf'pr fodYiksa dk iz;ksx
djrs gq;s f'k{kk osQ mís';ksa dh izkfIr dj ysrs gSaA ;s fodYi fuEu izdkj osQ gks ldrs gSaµ
(1) HkyhHkk¡fr lajfpr Lo&vuqns'ku lkexzh] (2) iqLrdksa] lUnHkks± rFkk 'kksèk if=kdkvkas (tuZYl) osQ lSV]
(3) pkVZ] ekWMy] iksLVj rFkk vU; n`'; lkexzh] (4) Vsyhfotu@jsfM;ks izlkj.k vkfnA¸

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