Page 288 - DEDU403_EDUCATIONAL_TECHNOLOGY_HINDI

bdkbZ—30% eqDr ,oa nwjorhZ f'k{kk

8- nwjorhZ f'k{kk] ,d xfreku Hkfo";ksUeq[kh lkaxBfud lajpuk fodflr djus dk ,d vPNk volj gSA uksV
9- nwjorhZ f'k{kk] cgqekè;eh; mikxe dk iz;ksx djrh gSµiQyLo:i Nk=kksa dh vfèkxe izfØ;k dks vfèkd
cy feyrk gSA
10- nwjorhZ f'k{kk ,sls yksxksa osQ fy;s Hkh egÙoiw.kZ gS ftUgsa Kku osQ mUu;u osQ fy;s oqQN vfrfjDr 'kSf{kd
izf'k{k.k dh vko';drk gksA

11- le`¼ lektksa osQ yksxksa (ftuosQ ikl i;kZIr le;@vodk'k gks vkSj tks dksbZ 'kkSd iwjk djuk pkgrs gksa)
osQ fy;s nwjorhZ f'k{kk ,d egÙoiw.kZ midj.k gSA
12- nwjorhZ f'k{kk Nk=k&osQfUnzr ;k O;fDr&osQfUnzr O;ogkj gS] vr% blosQ vUrxZr Nk=kksa osQ Lrjksa osQ vuq:i
csgrj vfèkxe lkexzh nsus esa nwjorhZ f'k{kk liQy fl¼ gqbZ gSA
13- nwjorhZ f'k{kk ls KkukRed] HkkokRed rFkk euksoSKkfud] rhuksa izdkj osQ mís';ksa dh izkfIr lEHko gksrh gSA
14- nwjorhZ f'k{kk Nk=kksa esa Lokè;k; dh izo`fÙk fodflr djrh gS] vUr%vfHkizsj.kk tkxzr djrh gS] mUgsa vius
fo"k; esa uohure lwpuk;sa iznku dj n{krk mRiUu djrh gS rFkk thou dh 'kSyh esa okafNr ifjorZu ykrh
gSA

D;k vki tkurs gSa nwjorhZ f'k{kk vkèkqfud ;qx esa lHkh osQ fy;s] lHkh Lrjksa ij rFkk lHkh {ks=kksa esa vR;Ur
mi;ksxh fl¼ gks jgh gSA ;g uo lk{kjksa osQ fy;s] uo;qodksa osQ fy;s rFkk izkS<+ksa osQ fy;s
vkt vkd"kZ.k ,oa mikns;rk dk osQUnz cu x;h gSA nwjorhZ f'k{kk vc vkSipkfjd f'k{kk dh
rqyuk esa T;knk O;kogkfjd] egÙoiw.kZ rFkk lkFkZd gksrh tk jgh gSA Hkkjr tSls turU=k esa
vkt nwjorhZ f'k{kk osQ xeu esa ,d vfuok;Zrk cu pqdh gSA

30-5 nwjorhZ f'k{kk dk fodkl ,oa o`f¼
(Growth and Development of Distance Education)

nwjorhZ f'k{kk vkt dksbZ uohu ladYiuk ugha gSA izkphu dky osQ rkM+&i=kksa ij fyf[kr lkexzh blosQ cgqr iqjkus
bfrgkl dh lwpd gSA
vkSipkfjd :i ls nwjorhZ f'k{kk dk tUe 1830 esa ekuk tk ldrk gS tcfd ,d vaxzsth f'k{kd us f}ekxhZ i=k
O;ogkj (lans'k) Mkd osQ ekè;e ls izsf"kr dj igyk f'k{k.k dk;Z fd;k FkkA
1840 esa fiVeSu osQ 'kkVZ gSUM dkslZ (Short hand Course) Mkd osQ ekè;e ls 'kq: gqvkA

1856 esa ySax ,oa VkW }kjk LFkkfir ,d vkèkqfud Hkk"kkvksa osQ fo|ky; us i=kkpkj (Correspondence) osQ }kjk
fons'kh Hkk"kkvksa dk f'k{k.k nsuk izkjEHk fd;kA

1873 esa vejhdk esa i=kkpkj vuqns'ku dh O;oLFkk dk igyk iz;kl fd;k x;k vkSj 1890 esa oqQN fo'ofo|ky;ksa
esa i=kkpkj ikB~;Øeksa dh LFkkiuk dh x;hA blh o"kZ LohMu rFkk teZuh esa Hkh nwjorhZ f'k{kk osQ {ks=k esa dk;Z izkjEHk
gq;s rFkk i=kkpkj vuqns'ku fo|ky; LFkkfir gq;sA

1920 esa :l esa vf'kf{kr yksxksa dks f'kf{kr cukus osQ fy;s i=kkpkj dk;ZØe izkjEHk fd;s x;s] iQyLo:i ogk¡
15&20 o"kks± esa dkiQh yksx f'kf{kr gks x;sA

1960 esa tkiku esa O;kolkf;d rFkk vkS|ksfxd {ks=kksa esa deZpkfj;ksa osQ fy;s iqucksZèkkRed f'k{kk f'k{kdksa osQ fy;s
izf'k{k.k dkslZ rFkk efgykvkas osQ fy;s Hkh vusd dkslZ izkjEHk fd;s x;sA

1961 esa fczVsu esa ljdkj }kjk ,d 'osr i=k (White Paper) tkjh fd;k x;k vkSj ,d ^;wfuo£lVh vkWiQ
,vj* dh ;kstuk dks tUe fn;k x;kA phu esa Hkh 1960&61 osQ eè; izkS<+ O;fDr;ksa rFkk Nk=kksa osQ 'kSf{kd Lrj
esa lqèkkj gsrq i=kkpkj f'k{kk osQ fy;s ch¯tx] 'ka?kkbZ] f'k;kax vkfn uxjksa esa osQUnz [kksys x;sA

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