Page 57 - DEDU403_EDUCATIONAL_TECHNOLOGY_HINDI

'kSf{kd rduhdh

uksV (1) turkfU=kd f'k{k.k uhfr;k¡ (Democratic Strategies)µturkfU=kd f'k{k.k uhfr;k¡ turU=k osQ ewY;ksa
ij vkèkkfjr jgrh gSaA ;s uhfr;k¡ cky&euksfoKku dk iz;ksx dj f'k{k.k dks cky&osQfUnzr
(Child-centred) cukrh gSA bu uhfr;ksa esa izeq[k LFkku ckydksa ;k Nk=kksa dks fn;k tkrk gSA f'k{kd dk LFkku
xkS.k jgrk gSA blesa f'k{kd Nk=kksa dh vk;q] ifjiDork ekufld ;ksX;rkvksa] #fp] lkeF;Z rFkk {kerkvksa vkfn osQ
vkèkkj ij vius f'k{k.k dk;Z dh O;oLFkk djrs gSaA blls Nk=k vius fopkjksa dks O;Dr djus esa LorU=k gksrs gSaA
bl izdkj dh turkfU=kd f'k{k.k uhfr;k¡ Nk=kksa esa LorU=k :i ls fpUru djus rFkk mudh dYiuk] rdZ] fuekZ.k
rFkk l`tu vkfn {kerkvksa dk fodkl djus esa egÙoiw.kZ dk;Z djrh gSaA Nk=k Le`fr Lrj ls izkjEHk dj vius Kku
dks fpUru Lrj rd ys tkdj leL;kvksa osQ lekèkku esa liQyrk iznku djrs gSaA
;g uhfr Nk=kksa esa lkekftd fodkl djrh gS vkSj mUgsa KkukRed] HkkokRed rFkk xR;kRed mís';ksa dh izkfIr esa
lgk;rk nsrh gSA bl izdkj dh uhfr;ksa esa izeq[k uhfr;k¡ gSaµokn&fookn] vUos"k.k] leh{kk] ;kstuk i¼fr] x`gdk;Z]
efLr"d gypy] LorU=k vè;;u] vfHku;] laosnu'khy izf'k{k.k vkfnA
(2) izHkqRooknh f'k{k.k uhfr;k¡ (Autocratic Strategies)µizHkqRooknh f'k{k.k uhfr;k¡ izHkqRookn ;k
fujaoqQ'kokn osQ ewY;kas ij vkèkkfjr jgrh gSaA bu uhfr;ksa esa f'k{kd vfèkd lfØ; jgrk gS vkSj Nk=k fuf"Ø; cSBs
jgrs gSaA ;s uhfr;k¡ f'k{kd izèkku (Teacher Centred) gksrh gSaA blesa Nk=k f'k{kd dh izR;sd ckr] fopkj rFkk
n'kZu fcuk fdlh roZQ osQ Lohdkj dj ysrs gSaA f'k{kd Lo;a ikB~;&oLrq dk fuèkkZj.k vius vkn'kks± rFkk #fp;ksa
osQ vkèkkj ij djrk gSA Nk=kksa dh vko';drkvksa vkSj mudh euksoSKkfud i`"BHkwfe dk fcYoqQy Hkh è;ku ugha
j[krkA ;g f'k{k.k Le`fr Lrj ij gh gksrk gS vkSj blosQ ekè;e ls osQoy KkukRed mís';ksa dh izkfIr ljyrk ls
gksrh gSA bu uhfr;ksa osQ iz;ksx ls d{kk dk okrkoj.k iw.kZr% vkSipkfjd :i xzg.k dj ysrk gSA izHkqRooknh f'k{k.k
uhfr;ksa esa izeq[k uhfr;k¡ gSaµO;k[;ku] ikB] izn'kZu] V~;wVksfj;y] vfHkØfer vuqns'ku vkfnA
fofHkUu izdkj dh f'k{k.k uhfr;k¡ (Various Types of Teaching Strategies)µuhps oqQN egÙoiw.kZ
f'k{k.k uhfr;ksa dk fooj.k fn;k x;k gSA bu uhfr;ksa dk iz;ksx f'k{k.k dks vfèkd izHkko'kkyh cukus osQ fy,
lkoèkkuhiwoZd f'k{kd dks djuk pkfg;sA
1- O;k[;ku uhfr (Lecture Strategy)

O;k[;ku dk rkRi;Z fdlh Hkh ikB dks Hkk"k.k osQ :i esa i<+kus ls gSA f'k{kd fdlh fo"k;&fo'ks"k ij d{kk esa
O;k[;ku nsrs gSa rFkk Nk=k fuf"Ø; gksdj lqurs jgrs gSaA ;g fofèk mPp Lrj dh d{kkvksa osQ fy, mi;ksxh ekuh
tkrh gSA O;k[;ku fofèk esa fo"k; dh lwpuk nh tk ldrh gSA ¯drq Nk=kksa dks Lo;a Kku izkIr djus dh izsj.kk
rFkk izkIr Kku osQ O;kogkfjd iz;ksx dh {kerk ugha nh tk ldrhA O;k[;ku fofèk esa ;g tkuuk dfBu gksrk gS
fd Nk=k fdl lhek rd f'k{kd }kjk iznÙk Kku dks lh[k losQ gSaA
fo'ks"krk,¡ (Characteristics)
(1) mPp d{kkvksa osQ fy, mi;ksxh gSA
(2) ;g f'k{kd osQ fy,] ljy] laf{kIr rFkk vkd"kZd gSA

(3) de le; esa vfèkd lwpuk,¡ nh tk ldrh gSaA
(4) vfèkd la[;k esa Nk=k lqudj bldks uksV dj ldrs gSaA
(5) fo"k; dk rk£dd Øe lnSo cuk jgrk gSA
(6) ;g f'k{kd rFkk Nk=k nksuksa dks fo"k; osQ vè;;u dh izxfr osQ fo"k; esa lUrqf"V iznku djrh gSA

(7) f'k{kd fopkjèkkjk osQ izokg esa cgqr&lh ubZ ckrsa crk nsrs gSaA
(8) bl fofèk osQ iz;ksx ls vè;kid dks f'k{k.k dk;Z esa cgqr lqfoèkk gSA
(9) ,d gh le; esa Nk=kksa osQ cM+s lewg dk f'k{k.k fd;k tkrk gSA

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