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ftfdne seBhe
B'N gfoGkPktK (Definitions)
fcfbg e"wp; ns/ wzBi{o nfjwd (Philips Combs and Manzoor Ahamad) d/ nB[;ko^
“gfjbK s'A ;Ekfgs (uZb ojh gozgokrs) n"gukfoe f;Zfynk d/ y/so Bkb pkjo uZbD tkbh
;zrfms ftfdne gqDkbh B{z d{otosh f;Zfynk fejk iKdk j?. fJj fJZe ;[szso gqDkbh d/ o{g
ftZu iK fe;h tZvh gqDkbh d/ nzr d/ o{g ftZu f;ZyD tkfbnK B{z fJZe fBPfus ;w{j B{z
ftfdne T[d/PK dh gqkgsh d/ bJh wdd j[zdh j?.
“A distance education is an organized systematic educational activity carried on
outside the frame work of the established formal system. Whether operating
separately or as an important feature of some broader activity that is intended to
serve identifiable learning clienteles and learning objectives.”
p'oih j'wtor (1981) fJ; ;zdoG ftZu fbyd/ jB, “f;Zfynk d/ ;ko/ ;soK s/ nfXnB d/
ftfGzB gqeko fijV/ nfXnkge d/ fBozso ssekbhB BohyD ftZu BjhA j?, T[jBK B{z d{otosh
f;Zfynk fejk iKdk j?.”
to?vw/no (1977) nkgD/ ftuko gqdofPs eod/ j'J/ efjzd/ jB, “;[szso nfXnB
(Independent Study), f;ybkJh^f;Zfynk dhnK ftfGzB nt;EktK dh ftt;Ek eodk j?, fi;
ftZu nfXnkge ns/ ftfdnkoEh go;go fJZe^d{i/ s'A nbZr ofj e/ ekoiK ns/
T[ZsodkfJstK dk fBotkj eod/ jB, ftfGzB ftXhnK Bkb ;zgoe eod/ jB. ;[szso nfXnB
dk T[d/P ftfdnkb/ d/ ftfdnkoEhnK B{z iwks d/ nDT[fus ;EkB ns/ gqko{g s'A w[es eoBk j?
ns/ ftfdnkb/ s'A pkjo d/ ftfdnkoEhnK B{z T[jBK d/ nkgD/ tksktoD ftZu nfXnB eod/
ofjD d/ w"e/ gqdkB eoBk j[zdk j?. fJ; soQK Bkb ftfdnkoEhnK ftZu ;t?^fBoXkfos f;Zfynk
dh ;woZEk ftef;s j[zdh ofjzdh j?.
T[go'es gfoGkPk ftZu to?vw/no B/ d{otosh f;Zfynk d/ ;EkB s/ „;[szso nfXnB‟ Ppdk dk
gq:'r ehsk j?.
ghNo; (1973) efjzd/ jB fe d{otosh f;Zfynk, frnkB, e"Pb ns/ nGhftosh gqdkB eoB dh
fJZe BthB ns/ T[Godh j'Jh, ftP/P io{osK dh g{osh eoB tkbh ftfdne ;zouBk j? fijVh
d[orkwh f;Zfynk d/ o{g ftZu b'eK B{z f;Zfynk d/D ftZu ;woZE j?.
wkbew nkfdP/P?nk (1981) d/ nB[;ko^“d{otosh f;Zfynk dk Gkt T[; f;ybkJh gqfefonk s'A
j?, fi; ftZu ;EkB ns/ ;w/A d/ nk:kw f;ybkJh ns/ f;Zfynk d/ ftZu dybnzdkIh eod/
jB.”
“It refers to the teaching learning process undertaken where a space and/or time
dimension intervene between the teaching and learning.”
vkH e[wko (1996)^
“Distance education is therefore, anyone or a combination of various forms of
study other than the continuous and immediate supervision of teachers in
classroom situations. Lessons from educational psychology and theories of
learning are employed in the design and development of instruction. Planning,
preparing, tutoring, guidance and counselling and evaluation of learning are done
with due regard to the latest developments in instructional design.”
ihH okwk o/vh (1998) B/ d{otosh f;Zfynk B{z “fJZe gfotosBekoh, ngkozgfoe ns/ no{VQ
gqDkbh d/ o{g ftZu, f;Zfynk gfo;oK ftZu ns/ f;Zfynk gfo;oK s'A pkjo nfXnB ;zpzXh, d'jK
soQK d/ ftfdnkoEhnK B{z io{os g{oh eoB tkbh dZf;nk j?.” T[j nZr/ efjzd/ jB, “p[fBnkdh
s"o s/ d{otosh f;Zfynk gqDkbh dk I'o ftfdnkoEh ns/ nfXnkge d/ nbrkt s/ j? fi; Bkb
ftfdnkoEhnK B{z ;tkfJs o{g s'A f;ZyD dk w"ek fwbdk j?. d'jK d/ ftukb/ i' th wkfXnw j't/,
T[; d/ d[nkok go;go ;zuko ;Ekfgs ehsk iKdk j?l fit/A ^ vke iK fJb?eNo'fBe gq/PD,
298 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
