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'kSf{kd O;oLFkk dk fodkl
uksV (ii) mPp Lrjμvk;ksx us mPp d{kkvksa esa bl n`f"Vdks.k osQ ckjs esa dgk gSμ¶mPp d{kkvksa esa ;g dyk f'k{k.k
dk :i ys ldrk gS ftuls Nk=k dh jpukRed ;ksX;rk ,oa izkfofèkd fpUru dk fodkl gksA rc Hkh
dk;kZuqHko] thou dh okLrfod ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa fn;k tk ldrk gS] tSls dVkbZ ;k cqvkbZ osQ le; [ksrksa ij
dke djuk ;k fdlh ikfjokfjd bdkbZ esa fdlh izdkj dk mRiknu dk;Z djuk ,oa blh izdkj osQ voljksa
dk vfèkdkfèkd mi;ksx djukA¸
(iii) dk;Z'kkykμvk;ksx us dgk gSμ¶gj fo|ky; ;k fo|ky;ksa osQ lewg osQ fy;s ,d dk;Z'kkyk dh O;oLFkk
vkxkeh o"kks± esa gks tkuh pkfg;sA dk;kZuqHko dk;Z'kkyk izf'k{k.k dk Lo:i fuEu ekè;fed Lrj ij ys ldrk
gSA mPprj ekè;fed Lrj ij tgk¡ Nk=k vfèkd ifjiDo gksrs gSa vkSj rqyuk esa mudh la[;k Hkh de gksrh
gS] mUgsa dk;Z'kkyk ,oa [ksrksa ,oa vkS|ksfxd rFkk O;kikfjd laLFkkuksa esa dk;kZuqHko fn;k tkuk pkfg;sA¸
(iv) f'k{k.k lkexzhμfo|ky;h f'k{k.k esa vusd izdkj dh lkefxz;ksa dh vko';drk iM+rh gSA mu lkefxz;ksa
dk mRiknu Hkh dk;kZuqHko osQ }kjk fo|ky;ksa ,oa laLFkkuksa esa gksuk pkfg;sA dgk x;k gSμ(1) oqQN pqus gq;s
laLFkku (oSKkfud rFkk rduhdh) iw.kZ&Lrj (Full-Scale) ij mRiknu djsaA (2) oqQN laLFkkuksa esa fo|ky;ksa
,oa dkystksa osQ fy;s dk;Z'kkyk ,oa iz;ksx'kkyk esa dke vkus okys ;U=kksa dk mRiknu gksA (3) oqQN laLFkk;sa
iQuhZpj] lgk;d lkexzh vkfn dk mRiknu djsaA
4- Nk=ko`fÙk vkSj O;olk;hdj.kμvk;ksx us ekè;fed Lrj ij O;kolk;hdj.k dks c<+kok nsus osQ fy;s vusd izdkj
dh O;oLFkk dh lykg nh gSA vk;ksx osQ 'kCnksa esa O;kolkf;d fo|ky;ksa esa Nk=ko`fÙk;ksa dk izkoèkku vfèkd gSA ;g vuqikr
lkekU; f'k{kk dh Nk=ko`fÙk;ksa ls vfèkd gSA blls vkxs fodkl osQ vkèkkj bl izdkj gksus pkfg;sμ
(1) izos'k esa mnkjrk dh uhfr] (2) Nk=ko`fÙk;ksa dh èkujkf'k esa o`f¼A Hkkjr tSls ns'k esa vfèkdka'k O;fDr vius cPpksa
dks O;kolkf;d f'k{kk blfy;s ugha fnyk ikrs fd mudh vk£Fkd fLFkfr bl ;ksX; ugha gksrhA blhfy, O;kolkf;d f'k{kk
osQ fy;s Nk=ko`fÙk;ksa dh ek=kk esa mnkjrk dh laLrqfr djosQ O;kolk;hdj.k dks liQy cukus dk iz;Ru fd;k gSA
5- O;olk;hdj.kμmi;ksx ,oa miyfCèkμekè;fed&f'k{kk osQ O;olk;hdj.k ls vusd leL;kvksa dk vUr gks
tk;sxkA ;s leL;k;sa vHkh fodjky gSa] ckn esa budk 'keu gksxkA vk;ksx us cqfu;knh f'k{kk osQ leku gh ukSdfj;ksa
dks izksRlkfgr ugha fd;k gSA ns'k dk izR;sd O;fDr jk"Vª dh vko';drk osQ fy;s dk;Z djs vkSj mlosQ dk;Z dk
gj va'k jk"Vª&fodkl esa ;ksxnku nsA O;olk;hdj.k osQ mi;ksx ls gksus okyh miyfCèk;k¡ bl izdkj gksaxhμ
(i) jkstxkj ,oa f'k{kk dk lhèkk lEcUèk gks tk;sxkA
(ii) O;fDr dks thou&;kiu djus osQ fy;s nÝrjksa dh vis{kk vius cktqvksa ij fuHkZj jguk gksxkA
(iii) f'k{kk osQ O;olk;hdj.k ls ns'k dh vk£Fkd fLFkfr lqèkjsxh ,oa tu'kfDr dk mi;ksx fd;k tk;sxkA
(iv) vk;ksx us vk'kk O;Dr dh gS fd ;ksa gj i<+s&fy[ks O;fDr dks izek.k&i=k osQ lkFk&lkFk jkstxkj fn;k tk
losQxkA
(v) Nk=kksa esa f'k{kk dh lksís';rk dk n`f"Vdks.k fodflr gksxkA mUgsa vuqHko gksxk fd jk"Vª&fuekZ.k osQ fy;s mudh
Hkh vko';drk gSA vk;ksx dh n`f"V esa ;g ifjorZu vR;ar egÙoiw.kZ gSA
(vi) ekè;fed f'k{kk osQ O;olk;hdj.k ls Hkkjrh; ifjfLFkfr;ksa ,oa Ïksrksa dk mfpr mi;ksx fd;k tk losQxkA
g.Vj deh'ku us 1882 esa blh izdkj dh f'k{kk&O;oLFkk dh izLrkouk dh FkhA
(vii) foKku rFkk rduhdh dks vkèkkj ekudj vkèkqfudhdj.k esa ^jke vkSj ^dke* dk leUo; gksxkA
ijUrq ;s miyfCèk;k¡ dc izkIr gksaxh] oSQls izkIr gksaxh\ tc ge bl ij fopkj djrs gSa rks vk;ksx dh bu izLrkoukvksa
ij è;ku tkrk gSμ(1) ekè;fed f'k{kk osQ O;olk;hdj.k osQ fy;s ;g vko';d gS fd fo|ky;ksa esa vHkh ls gh
20 izfr'kr Nk=kksa dks O;olk;hdj.k ikB~;Øe fnyk;s tk;saA 50 izfr'kr Nk=kksa dks mPprj ekè;fed Lrj ij izos'k
fn;k tk;sA (2) ekè;fed Lrj ij f'k{kk osQ volj lHkh dks leku :i ls izkIr gksuk pkfg;sA Nk=ko`fÙk;ksa dk O;kid
dk;ZØe vkjEHk fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA
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