Page 220 - DEDU501_DEVELOPMENT_OF_EDUCATION_SYSTEM_HINDI

bdkbZ—22% ekè;fed f'k{kk dk O;olk;hdj.k

22-3 lkjka'k (Summary) uksV

• f'k{kk dk O;olk;hdj.k okLro esa jk"Vªh; vko';drk gSA jk"Vª osQ fodkl osQ fy;s f'k{kk osQ ekè;e ls n`<+
ladYi rFkk 'kfDr osQ lkFk tu'kfDr dks fodflr djuk vko';d dk;ZØe gSA
• Lokèkhurk izkfIr osQ i'pkr~ ns'k osQ d.kZèkkjksa osQ le{k leL;k Fkh jk"Vª fodkl dhA jk"Vª dk fodkl jk"Vªh;
vFkZO;oLFkk osQ lqn`<+ gksus ij gh fuHkZj djrk gS] jk"Vª fodkl dh xfr dks rst djus osQ fy;s f'k{kk dh
uhfr dks n`<+] dY;k.kiw.kZ djuk] orZeku fLFkfr esa lqèkkj djuk vko';d gSA
• euq"; dk ,dek=k y{; Lo;a esa mu {kerkvksa dks fodflr djuk gS tks mls] mlosQ fy, thou fuokZg
osQ fy;s vko';d gSA blfy;s f'k{kk ,slh gks tks ckyd dks lkekU; bPNk {kerkvksa rFkk oS;fDrd xq.kksa
osQ fodkl osQ lkFk vk£Fkd fodkl rFkk jkstxkj ls ifjiw.kZ dj losQA
• Hkkjrh; lekt esa Lrjhdj.k (Stratification) us mèoZ xfr'khyrk dks de fd;k gSA xjhc&vehj]
f'kf{kr&vf'kf{kr esa vUrj vfèkd gksrk tk jgk gSA (i) f'kf{kr O;fDr viuh laLÑfr ls nwj gks jgs gSaA (ii)
vyksdrkaf=kd tkfr O;oLFkk us yksdra=k dks Hk;kog fLFkfr esa igq¡pk;k gSA (iii) èkeZ us HksnHkko iSnk fd;k
gSA f'k{kk osQ O;olk;hdj.k osQ }kjk ,dhÑr rFkk lerkiw.kZ lekt dh jpuk dh tk ldrh gSA
• ekè;fed Lrj ij ckyd esa psruk fodflr gksus yxrh gSA bl Lrj ij O;kolkf;d f'k{kk osQ dkj.k
lalkèkuksa dk fodkl gksrk gSA

• ekuo lalkèku dk fodkl f'k{kk osQ }kjk gksrk gSA yksxksa osQ Kku] dkS'ky] fgr rFkk ewY;ksa esa ifjorZu osQ
dkj.k mudk fodkl gksrk gSA
• O;olk;hdj.k osQ ekè;e ls f'k{kk dks mRiknu osQ lkFk tksM+uk vko';d gSA blls f'k{kk dk foLrkj gksxkA
f'k{kk osQ lkFk mRiknu tksM+us osQ fy;s (i) f'k{kk vkSj laLÑfr osQ ewy vax osQ :i esa foKku] (ii) lkekU;
f'k{kk osQ vfHkUu vax osQ :i esa dk;Z&vuqHko] (iii) m|ksx] Ñf"k] O;kikj dh vko';drkvksa dh iw£r osQ
fy;s f'k{kk dk O;olk;hdj.k] (iv) mPp Lrj ij Ñf"k] foKku f'k{kk esa vuqlaèkku dh t:jr gSA
• ;qx dh cnyrh ekU;rkvksa osQ chp gekjk ns'k izxfr dh nkSM+ esa vU; ns'kksa dh rqyuk esa lSdM+ksa o"kZ ihNs
gSaA ge pkgrs gSa] ge mUur ns'kksa osQ led{k vk tk;sa] bl izfØ;k esa ge tc rd muosQ led{k igqpsaxs]
os vkSj Hkh vkxs c<+ pqosaQxsA bldk dkj.k gSμgekjs Kku dk vkèkqfud foKku rFkk rduhdh osQ lkFk lEcUèk
ugha jgk gSA f'k{kk vk;ksx us ekè;fed gh ugha] f'k{kk osQ lHkh Lrjksa ij f'k{kk osQ O;olk;hdj.k dks izLrkfor
fd;k gSA vk;ksx us O;olk;hdj.k dk vkèkkj j[kk gSμmRiknuA
• ekè;fed f'k{kk dk O;olk;hdj.k djus osQ fy;s vk;ksx us mlosQ nksuksa gh Lrjksa fuEu ekè;fed rFkk mPprj
ekè;fed ij foLrkj ls fopkj fd;k gSA f'k{kk vk;ksx us ekè;fed f'k{kk osQ O;olk;hdj.k osQ fy;s tks dYiuk
dh Fkh] mlosQ vuqlkj d{kk 8 esa 10 rFkk 20 izfr'kr Nk=kksa dks O;kolkf;d f'k{kk izkIr gksuh pkfg;sA blh
izdkj d{kk 11&12 esa 50 izfr'kr Nk=kksa dks O;kolkf;d f'k{kk nsus dh O;oLFkk gksuh pkfg;sA
• f'k{kk vk;ksx us ekè;fed f'k{kk osQ O;olk;hdj.k ij vfèkd tksj fn;k gSA bl vfHk;ku dks pykus osQ
fy;s osQUnz ljdkj jkT; ljdkjksa dks lgk;rk nsA vesfjdk dk lUnHkZ nsrs gq, vk;ksx us la?k ljdkj ij gh
ekè;fed f'k{kk osQ O;olk;hdj.k dk nkf;Ro lkSaikA
• O;olk; osQ izfr fu"Bk mRiUu djus osQ fy;s vk;ksx us dk;kZuqHko izLrkfor fd;k gSA dk;kZuqHko dks vk;ksx
us bl izdkj ifjHkkf"kr fd;k gS---ge dk;kZuqHko dks fo|ky;] ?kj dk;kZ'kkyk] [ksy] iSQDVªh ;k fdlh vU;
mRiknd dk;Z esa lg;ksx nsus osQ :i esa ifjHkkf"kr djrs gSaA¸
• vk;ksx us f'k{kk osQ gj Lrj ij dk;kZuqHko ykxw djus dh ckr dgh gSA dk;kZuqHko dk ewy vkèkkj
gSμfo|ktZu rFkk èkuktZu dh izfØ;k dks lkFk&lkFk lEiUu djukA

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