Page 269 - DEDU501_DEVELOPMENT_OF_EDUCATION_SYSTEM_HINDI

'kSf{kd O;oLFkk dk fodkl

uksV osQ cgqr ls ns'kksa us nwjxkeh f'k{kk dks lqn`<+ djus osQ fy, rFkk f'k{kk esa gq, u;s ifjorZuksa dh tkudkjh nsus gsrq
¶[kqys fo'ofo|ky;¸ LFkkfir fd, gSaA fo'o esa budh la[;k 30 ;k blls vf/d gSA ;g fo'ofo|ky; vf/drj
baxySM] if'peh teZuh] Lisu] phu] FkkbZyS.M] Jhyadk] dukMk vkSj tkiku esa gSaA Hkkjr esa Hkh 4 [kqys fo'ofo|ky;
gSa] ftuesa rhu jkT; Lrj ij gSa vkSj ,d jk"Vªh; Lrj ij gSA loZizFke 1982 bZ- esa vkU/z izns'k esa [kqyk fo'ofo|ky;
LFkkfir fd;k x;kA 1985 bZ- esa laln us bfUnjk xk¡/h [kqyk fo'ofo|ky; LFkkfir djus dk fu.kZ; fy;kA
;g fo'ofo|ky; tqykbZ lu~ 1986 ls fof/or dk;Z djus yxkA 19 uoEcj 1985 dks Hkkjr osQ iz/kueU=kh us fnYyh
esa esgjkSyh osQ ikl bu fo'ofo|ky; dk fof/or mn~?kkVu dj fn;k vkSj bldk uke ^bfUnjk xk¡/h jk"Vªh; [kqyk
fo'ofo|ky; j[kk x;kA

f'k{kk vk;ksx (1964&66) us i=kkpkj f'k{kk dh lEHkkfor 'kfDr dks ns[krs gq, bl izdkj dh f'k{kk
dks lqn`<+ cukus dk lq>ko fn;kA mlosQ vuqlkj] ¶i=kkpkj f'k{kk dk nwljs ns'kksa tSls&la;qDr jkT;
vesfjdk] LohMu] :l] tkiku] vkLVªsfy;k vkfn ns'kksa esa vPNh izdkj ls iz;ksx fd;k tk jgk gSA
blesa dksbZ lUnsg ugha fd i=kkpkj f'k{kk lkekU; fo|ky; rFkk egkfo|ky; esa iznku dh xbZ f'k{kk
osQ fcYoqQy leku gSA bl izdkj dh f'k{kk dh lqfo/k;sa O;kid Lrj ij nh tkuh pkfg;sA¸

eqDr fo'ofo|ky; D;k gS\
mPp f'k{kk dks lkoZtfud cukus dh fn'kk esa eqDr fo'ofo|ky; vfHkuo iz;ksx osQ :i esa Hkkjr esa vkjEHk fd;s
tk jgs gSaA 1858 ls ysdj 1985 rd mPp f'k{kk izkIr djus osQ fy;s O;fDr dks vkSipkfjd 'kSf{kd izokg ls gksdj
xqtjuk iM+rk FkkA fdlh dkj.ko'k ;fn dksbZ ml izokg ls gV tkrk Fkk rks mls mPp f'k{kk osQ iqu% izokg esa vkus
osQ fy;s vusd dfBukb;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk FkkA mPp f'k{kk dks lkoZtfud cukus dh fn'kk esa igyk dne
Fkkμi=kkpkj ikB~;ØeA
mPp f'k{kk osQ izfr c<+rh ykylk dks ns[krs gq, baxySaM esa izpfyr eqDr fo'ofo|ky; osQ vk/kj ij ns'k esa oSlk
gh eqDr fo'ofo|ky; [kksyus dh vko';drk vuqHko dh xbZA

eqDr fo'ofo|ky;] fo'o dh mPp f'k{kk dh ijEijk esa uohure iz;ksx gSA bl iz.kkyh esa O;fDr vius dks fodflr
Kku osQ lanHkZ osQ v|ru (up to date) j[kuk pkgrk gSA ;g iz.kkyh lkoZtfud fo'ofo|ky; iz.kkyh dgykrh gSA
eqDr fo'ofo|ky; dh fo'ks"krk;sa bl izdkj gSaμ(i) fdlh fMxzh ;k fMIyksek dh vko';drk ugha gksrh] (ii) vk;q
dh dksbZ lhek ugha gksrh] (iii) fdlh Hkh {ks=k dk O;fDr bl fo'ofo|ky; esa izos'k ys ldrk gS] (iv) blesa le;
dk cU/u ugha gksrk] (v) ,oa bldk dksbZ ifjlj ugha gksrkA

è;ku j[kus dh ckr ;g gS fd ijEijkxr fo'ofo|ky;ksa dh Hkk¡fr blesa ikB~;Øe] i<+kbZ rFkk ijh{kk rhuksa gksrs gSaA
eqDr fo'ofo|ky;ksa dk fodkl

mPp f'k{kk ij c<+rs ncko dks ns[krs gq, 1979 esa fczVsu esa igys eqDr fo'ofo|ky; dh LFkkiuk gqbZA vkjEHk esa
blesa iathÑr Nk=kksa dh la[;k 25000 FkhA 1985 rd bles ,d yk[k O;fDr iathÑr gks pqosQ FksA ;g fo'ofo|ky;
300 osQUnz osQ }kjk] jsfM;ksa] Vh- oh- rFkk lapkj osQ vU; midj.kksa dk mi;ksx f'k{kk osQ fy;s djrk gSA vktdy phu]
tkiku] FkkbySaM] dksfj;k] Lisu] uhnjySaM] ikfdLrku rFkk Jhyadk esa eqDr fo'ofo|ky; dk;Zjr gSaA
Hkkjr esa 1990 ls eqDr fo'ofo|ky; dh LFkkiuk osQ iz;kl fd;s tk jgs gSaA 1982 esa vka/z eas vUukeykbZ
fo'ofo|ky; igyk eqDr fo'ofo|ky; [kksyk x;k gSA blesa ch-,-] ch-,l-lh] ch-dkWe-] LukrdksÙkj fo"k;ksa esa fMxzh
o O;kolkf;d f'k{kk osQ ikB~;Øe pyk;s tkrs gSaA

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