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'kSf{kd O;oLFkk dk fodkl
uksV jkT; fuf/ esa lgk;rk ikus okyh fdlh f'k{kk laLFkk esa izos'k ls fdlh Hkh ukxfjd dks osQoy /eZ] ewyoa'k] tkfr]
Hkk"kk vFkok buesa fdlh vk/kj ij oafpr u j[kk tk;sxkA
2- /kjk 30 % f'k{kk laLFkkvksa dh LFkkiuk vkSj iz'kklu djus dk vYila[;dksa dk vf/dkjμ(1) èkeZ
;k Hkk"kk ij vk/kfjr lHkh vYila[;d oxks± dh viuh #fp dh laLFkkvksa dh LFkkiuk vkSj iz'kklu dk vfèkdkj
gksxkA (2) f'k{kk laLFkkvksa dks lgk;rk nsus esa jkT; fdlh fo|ky; osQ fo#¼ bl vk/kj ij foHksn ugha djsxk
fd og /eZ ;k Hkk"kk ij vk/kfjr fdlh vYila[;d oxZ osQ izcU/ esa gSA
3- /kjk 45 % ckydksa osQ fy;s fu%'kqYd vkSj vfuok;Z f'k{kk dk micU/μjkT; bl lafo/ku osQ izkjaHk
osQ nl o"kZ dh dkykof/ osQ Hkhrj lHkh ckydksa osQ pkSng o"kZ dh voLFkk lekfIr rd fu%'kqYd vkSj vfuok;Z
f'k{kk miyC/ djkus dk iz;kl djsxkA
4- /kjk 46 % vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa] vkfne tkfr;ksa rFkk nqcZy foHkkxksa osQ f'k{kk vkSj vFkZ lEcU/h fgrksa
dh mUufrμjkT; turk osQ nqcZyre foHkkxksa osQ fo'ks"kr;k vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa rFkk vuqlwfpr vkfne tkfr;ksa osQ
f'k{kk rFkk vFkZ lEcU/h fgrksa dh fo'ks"k lko/kuh ls mUufr djsxk rFkk lkekftd vU;k; rFkk lHkh izdkj osQ
'kks"k.k ls mudk laj{k.k djsxkA
dksBkjh deh'ku us f'k{kk osQ y{;ksa dk fu/kZj.k jk"Vª osQ fodkl osQ lanHkZ esa bl izdkj fd;kμ
1- [kk| lkexzh esa vkRefuHkZjrk_
2- vk£Fkd fodkl vkSj jkstxkj_
3- lkekftd vkSj jk"Vªh; ,drk_
4- jktuhfrd fodkl_
5- ekuo lEcU/ksa ,oa Ïksrksa dk fodklA
mijksDr y{;ksa dh iw£r osQ fy;s vk;ksx us dgkμ¶f'k{kk esa lcls egRoiw.kZ vkSj vko';d lq/kj ;g gS fd
bldks ifjo£rr djosQ O;fDr;ksa osQ thou] vko';drkvksa vkSj vkdka{kkvksa ls bldk lEcU/ LFkkfir djus dk
iz;kl fd;k tk;s vkSj bl izdkj bls lkekftd] vk£Fkd vkSj lkaLÑfrd ifjorZu dk 'kfDr'kkyh lk/u cuk;k
tk ldrk gSA¸
jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr 1967 esa dgk x;kμ¶f'k{kk dks yksxksa osQ thou osQ vf/d fudV ykus osQ fy, yxkrkj
iz;Ru] foKku vkSj f'kYi foKku osQ fodkl ij fo'ks"k cy rFkk uSfrd vkSj lkekU; ewY;ksa dk fuekZ.k djuk
gksxkA¸
bl dk;Z osQ fy;s izknsf'kd vlarqyu dks nwj djuk] 'kqYd;qfDr dk vkuqikfrd vk/kj r; djuk] lkekftd
U;k; dh izfr"Bk djuk vko';d gSA rduhdh rFkk O;kolkf;d f'k{kkvksa dk mi;qDr foHkktu gksuk pkfg,A
;FkkμÑf"k] m|ksx] O;kikj] f'kYi] vuq#fpdh; izf'k{k.k vkfnA
1979 dh f'k{kk uhfr esa dgk x;k gSμ¶ekè;fed Lrj dks vk/kj fcUnq rHkh ekuk tk ldrk gS tcfd og
O;olkf;d dkS'ky dks fodflr dj losQA blfy;s bl Lrj ij f'k{kk dk O;olk;hdj.k gksuk vko';d gS] ftlls
Nk=kksa dks Hkfo"; fuekZ.k djus esa lgk;rk fey losQA vukSipkfjd rjhdksa ls vusd O;olkf;d {ks=kksa esa izek.ki=k
rFkk fMIyksek ikB~;Øe pyk;s x;s gSa] budk Lo:i ,slk gks fd Nk=kksa dks Hkfo"; esa vius O;olk; esa izxfr djus
osQ volj fey losaQA ekè;fed Lrj ij blhfy, ikB~;Øe esa fofHkUurk (Diversification) dh vko';drk
vuqHko dh xbZ gSA blls xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa foosQUnzhdj.k dks c<+kok feysxkA xzkeh.k vkS|ksxhdj.k esa xfr vk;sxhA
Lo&jkstxkj osQ volj Hkh blesa izkIr gksaxsA leLr cktkj] m|ksx osQUnz rFkk vU; laLFkkvksa dk lg;ksx Hkh blosQ
fy, vko';d gSA leqnk; rFkk fo|ky; osQ ikjLifjd lEcU/ksa dk fodkl Hkh vko';d gSA f'k{kk osQ O;olk;hdj.k
esa fMxzh izkIr djus dk eksg Hkh lekIr gksxkA dkS'ky osQ vk/kj ij gh dke feysxkA¸
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