Page 280 - DEDU502_GUIDANCE_AND_COUNSELING_HINDI

funsZ'ku rFkk ijke'kZ

uksV (1) ifjfLFkfr&ijh{k.k (Situational Tests)]
(2) vkSipkfjd&fujh{k.k (Formal Observation),
(3) vukSipkfjd&fujh{k.k (Informal Observation)
(4) fofoèk&vkys[k (Anecdotal Records)A

(1) ifjfLFkfr&ijh{k.k (Situational Test)μbl izdkj osQ fujh{k.k dks lEi djus osQ fy, O;fDr dks thou
dh okLrfod ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk izfrfufèkRo djus okyh ifjfLFkfr esa j[kk tkrk gSA ;s ifjfLFkfr;k¡ Ñf=ke gksrh gSaA vkSj
buls vUr%fØ;k djosQ O;fDr O;ogkj dk izn'kZu djrk gSA bl O;ogkj dk izs{ki.k gh O;fDrRo osQ ekiu dk
vkèkkj curk gSA lsuk osQ viQljksa osQ pquko osQ le; l£olst lysD'ku cksMZ esa ^lewg dk;Z* ifjfLFkfr ijh{k.k dk
,d mnkgj.k gSA es; vkSj gkVZ'kksuZ (1925) us blh izdkj osQ vusd ijh{k.kksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k gSA bu ijh{k.kksa
dh fo'ks"krk,a vèkksfyf[kr gSμ

(1) ;g O;fDrRo ekiu dh ,d jkspd izfofèk gSA
(2) D;ksafd ;s thou ifjfLFkfr (Life-Situation) ugha gSa vr,o bu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa O;ogkj dk okLrfod
Lo:i ugha ns[kk tk ldrk gSA rc Hkh bl izfofèk osQ }kjk usr`Ro dfBukb;ksa ls tw>us dh {kerk deZBrk
vkfn xq.kksa dk ekiu lUrks"kizn :i ls gks ldrk gSA
(3) bl izdkj osQ ijh{k.k dh fo'oluh;rk ,oa oSèkrk osQ fo"k; esa lUrks"ktud vk¡dM+s vHkh rd miyCèk ugha gSaA
(4) ;g vHkh rd ewy izfofèk osQ :i esa 'kksèk {ks=k esa ekU;rk izkIr ugha dj ldh gSA
(5) blosQ }kjk nks O;fDr;ksa osQ O;ogkj dk rqyukRed vè;;u lgh&lgh fd;k tk ldrk gSA

(2) vkSipkfjd&fujh{k.k (Formal Observation)μbl izfofèk esa fujh{k.kdÙkkZ ckyd osQ O;ogkj dk
voyksdu vkSipkfjd :i ls djrk gSA ckyd viuh fnup;kZ esa O;Lr jgrk gS vkSj fujh{kd vius fujh{k.kksa dh
fyfic¼ djrk tkrk gSA Li"V gS fd uokxarqd dh mifLFkfr esa ckyd dk O;ogkj&vLokHkkfod gks tkrk gSA ifj.kke
Lo:i O;ogkj fujh{k.k 'kq¼ ugha jg ikrsA mijksDr deh osQ gksus ij Hkh vkSipkfjd&fujh{k.k izfofèk osQ }kjk f'k'kqvksa
(Young Children) osQ O;ogkjksa osQ fo"k; esa vklkuh ls lgh&lgh tkudkjh izkIr dh tk ldrh gSA

(1) ckyd vius O;ogkj dks Ñf=ke cukus dh ps"Bk ugha djrs gSa] vr,o fdlh vtuch dh mifLFkfr esa
vfèkd nsj rd viuh izÑfr dks ugha fNikrs gSaA
(2) f'k'kqvksa esa Hkk"kk dk fodkl cgqr lhfer gksrk gS] vr,o tks izfofèk;k¡μekSf[kd vFkok fyf[kr lEizs"k.k
ij vkèkkfjr gSa mudk mi;ksx ugha fd;k tk ldk gSA ,slh n'kk esa vkSipkfjd fujh{k.k&izfofèk gh mi;ksxh
fl¼ gksrh gSA ;fn bl fujh{k.k&izfofèk esa vko';d ifjorZu dj fy, tk;sa rc bldk mi;ksx fd'kksjksa
,oa izks<+ksa osQ voyksdu esa Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gSA
(3) vukSipkfjd&fujh{k.k (Informal Observation)μ;g izfofèk vkSipkfjd fujh{k.k&izfofèk dk gh la'kksfèkr
:i gSA bl izfofèk dks lekt'kkL=k osQ {ks=k esa 'kksèk dk;Z osQ fy, cgqr mi;ksxh ik;k x;k gSA vkfnokfl;ksa dh
thou'kSyh dk fo'oluh; ifjp; blh izdkj dh fujh{k.k&izfofèk osQ ekè;e ls lekt'kkL=k ls 'kksèkdrkZvksa us izLrqr
fd;k gSA bl fujh{k.k&izfofèk dks lqpk: :i ls lEi djus osQ fy, fuEufyf[kr ckrksa dks è;ku esa j[kuk pkfg,μ
(1) loZizFke] O;ogkj&izk:i (Behaviour Pattern) osQ fo"k; esa fu.kZ; ys ysuk pkfg,A vFkkZr~ ;g Hkyh Hkk¡fr
lksp fy;k tk;s fd O;ogkj dk dkSu ls i{k dk voyksdu djuk gSA bl izdkj O;ogkj&fujh{k.k] dh
ifjlhek;sa fuèkkZfjr dh tkrh gSaA
(2) rRi'pkr~] p;u fd, x;s O;ogkj osQ i{kksa dks bl izdkj ifjHkkf"kr djuk pkfg, fd og ckyd dh ml
izfØ;k osQ ckjs esa lwpuk ns losQ tks izdV :i ls ns[kh tk losQA bl izdkj osQ fujh{kd vius dk;Z osQ fy,
lafØ;kRed ifjHkk"kkvksa dk fuekZ.k djrk gSA

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