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Unit 8 : Organizing: Process and Means

(iii) Accountability : After assigning duties and granting authority, one more relationship Notes
becomes necessary. This is the relationship of accountability. Accountability means
answerability. That is, each person has to report to his superior how the work has been
done and how authority has been used. Accountability is always upward. Each subordinate
is accountable to his superior who in turn is accountable to his own superior. In this way,
every person becomes accountable to top management. Accountability ensures that the
work is done as planned and authority is properly used. An important principle of
accountability is the principle of single accountability. A person should be accountable to
one superior only. If a person is accountable to two or more persons, he may avoid the
work or he may be in difficulty to decide whom to obey first.

Planning and structuing the growth patterns and directions of these institutions,
developing strategies to overcome or to live and grow with uncertainty, establishing
the nature of change are the examples or pre-active behaviours.

8.3 Nature of Organization

Organizations are social system whole activities are governed by social law. In the words of Keith
Davis, “Just as people have psychological needs, they also have social roles and status.” As social
systems, their environment is one of dynamic changes, rather than a static set of relations. They are
“complex socio-technical system interaction with environment” having both “adaptive and
maintenance mechanisms.” The urge to modify structure and functioning in order to conform the
changing environmental conditions and also the urge to resist change. Creates tensions, stresses
and conflict within it and affects its worker participants as well; as the climate. Netzer and Eye call
these inherent interacting forces of the organization resisters and exciters. They also hypothesize
linker force operating in-between these two and restoring balance within the organization. This
operation of forces interacting with each other generates a unique climate within each organization.
In the modern society, each organization faces the challenge of the turbulent environment and
innovative functioning of the organization, it is necessary to study their inherent behaviour climate
and its dynamics with a vies to construction more relevant strategies and modes of administration.
The study of organization began in the pioneering work of Weber entitled. “The Theory of Social
and Economic Organizations (1922).” But Barnard Parsons, March and Simon, Bakkle, Hopkins and
Etzioni added insights into the nature of the complex phenomenon represented by modern
organization.

What is the role of authority in organizing process ?

Self Assessment
1. Fill in the blanks :
(i) _______ refers to the way in which the work of a group of people is arranged and distributed
among group members.
(ii) The purpose of organizing is to create a _______ for the performance of the activities of an
Organization in a systematic manner.

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