Page 108 - DEDU503_EDUCATIONAL_MANAGEMENT_ENGLISH

Educational Management

Notes • After setting the targets the next step in planning is to evolve strategies to achieve the targets
and therefore evolving intervention strategies to achieve the targets is another important aspect
of plan formulation. The effort may be to highlight the interventions that will help to overcome
the problems and constraints identified in the plan so as to ensure that the targets set are
achieved. However, it is to be noted that the strategies evolved will have to address the identified
problems and issues.
• Translating the strategies into programmes and activities is the next step in the plan formulation.
It is to be kept in view that a specific intervention strategy may require a number of programmes
to make it operational and effective.
• An important step in the plan formulation exercise is the costing and estimation of financial
requirements to implement the plan. Translating the physical inputs into financial requirements
is essential for funding purpose.
• While estimating the financial requirements for the Education Plan the recurring costs estimation
may be on items such as salaries, training maintenance of building, equipment, furniture,
infrastructure, travel costs; stationary and consumables, contingencies, rents etc.
• One of the important stages in planning exercise is detailing out the implementation plan.
When planning at the lower levels, e.g. district level planning, implementation is part and
parcel of planning activities. A plan document is incomplete if it does not contain detailed plan
for implementation of the programmes and projects that the plan contains.
• Planning for implementation makes it possible to critically analyze the activities of a given
educational programme and to develop an implementation schecule which can be used for
monitoring the progress of implementation.
• Scheduling forms an important exercise in planning for implementation. Scheduling refers to
the process of converting an educational plan into an operating time table which establishes
start and completion time of all the activities of the programme/plan.
• PERT is a network based procedure that facilitates planning, scheduling and controlling of
education programmes and projects. It provides methods for measuring actual progress of the
programme against expected progress.
• Listing all possible activities of the programme is a key step in planning for implementation of
the educational programme. The next step is to gather information about predecessors of each
activity.

• Once the PERT network is drawn, the next step is to estimate critical path in the network. This
is done by using both forward pass and backward pass methods. This helps to establish early
start and latest finish time of each activity.

• The plans developed are draft plan till they are discussed and finally approved by the approving
authorities.
• The approving authorities look into the desirability of proposals and the feasibility of
implementation of the plan. This is the process of negotiation between those who formulate the
plan and those who have to finally approve the plan and budget.
• Negotiation is a process by which one can bargain for more resources. If the proposals made in
the plan document are justified and the planning team is able to convince the authorities it is
very likely that they may get more resources.
• The following are the main characteristics of educational planning:
(i) Choice of Best Alternative : Modern educational planning is a logical systematic and scientific
process difference from the elementary kinds of procedure utilized in the past of bringing
about changes in the systems of education.

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