Page 105 - DEDU503_EDUCATIONAL_MANAGEMENT_ENGLISH

Unit 7: Planning: Process and Means

Negotiation is a process by which one can bargain for more resources. If the proposals made in the Notes
plan document are justified and the planning team is able to convince the authorities it is very likely
that they may get more resources. However, if the plan proposals are weak and unconvincing the
chances are that they may get less amount of resources. The soundness of the proposals which
constitute a plan is an important consideration influencing the amount of resources.
Characteristics of Educational Planning
The following are the main characteristics of educational planning :
(1) Choice of Best Alternative : Modern educational planning is a logical systematic and scientific
process difference from the elementary kinds of procedure utilized in the past of bringing
about changes in the systems of education. Earlier adhoc decisions were taken by the
administrators to solve immediate problems faced by them.

(2) Team Work : Modern educational planning emphasizes that only the top administrator or the
government should be involved in planning. Planning should be a responsibility of all people
concerned with the desired change. A team of experts, responsible people and those who are to
implement the plan should determine the goals and appropriate ways of attaining them.
(3) Social and Economic Goals : Modern educational planning emphasizes that the goals of a
democratic society should be social and economic concerned with the welfare and progress of
all citizens rather than the selfish goals of some special interest groups. The expected goals of
the society and needs of children and young pupils in the schools and colleges should be the
broad frame of reference.
(4) Co-operation : Modern educational planning emphasizes involvement of representatives of
most of the concerned sectors of the society in the process of planning. Co-operative planning
is considered an important principle of planning in all fields.
(5) Anticipation : Modern educational planning anticipates probable developments and needed
change in future, much ahead of time so that proper facilities, supporting media and required
resources for implementing the planned change may be secured. Thus, relevant changes and
efforts are avoided and the changes are effectively implemented.
(6) Remedial Measures : Another characteristics of modern-education planning is that it is remedial
and guidance-oriented. With appropriate planning procedures it is possible to identify
maladjustments or deficiencies in the system that cause educational problems. Identifying cause
of the educational problems and suggesting relevant solution is the main objective of educational
planning.
(7) Scientific Changes : Changes made on adhoc piecemeal basis to solve immediate problems
may create some kinds of problems in course of time. Hence, modern educational planning
carefully and objectively collects data, interprets and analyses inter-relationships between present
and future needs. It also interprets analysis inter-relatedness of the various components of the
social and educational system.

7.5 Educational Planning in India

In India the concept of planning dates back to 1938 when Indian National Congress appointed a
National Planning Committee. It consisted of the representatives of the organization concerned,
state ministers, selected “economists, public men government nominees. Sporadic efforts were made
by M.N. Roy, M Visvewarayya and other people on planning in the field of economic development.
(1) Planning and Development Department (1939-40) : During the second world War, a planning
and development department was set up in the Government of India, for suggesting relevant
development and to boost the war effort.

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