Page 288 - DEDU503_EDUCATIONAL_MANAGEMENT_ENGLISH

Educational Management

Notes (ii) Refresher Courses.
(iii) Summer Institute.
(iv) Short Term Course.
(v) Conference Technique.
(vi) Seminar Techniques.
(vii) Workshop Technique, and
(viii) Symposium Technique.
(ix) Panel Discussion.
• The detailes of these protramme and techniques have been given in the following paragraphs:
(i) Content Courses
Content Courses are conducted to upgrade the teachers in their specialisation in terms of
knowledge of the latest developments, current issues and trends, their application and their
relevance to college teaching.
(ii) Refresher Courses
Refresher Courses are generally organized to give an opportunity to teachers to refresh and
improve their knowledge of the subjects they teach and widen their experience in the
methodology of teaching.
(iii) Summer Institutes
The pattern of summer institutes, generally follow that of content courses but the purpose
need not be mainly to upgrade the teachers in their fields of specialisation.
(iv) Short Term Courses
Some of the short-term courses could be for orientation purposes or upgrading of subject
knowledge or improving pedagogical skills.
(v) Conference Technique
In the area of higher teaching-learning, the conference is one of the most important technique.
It is used to create higher learning situations by using appropriate instructional technique.
(vi) Seminar Technique
Teaching is continum from conditioning to indoctrination. It is organized from memory
level to reflective level. Our teaching is confined upto memory level even at college and
university level.
Meaning and Definition of Seminar Technique : A seminar as an instructional technique
involves generating a situation for group to have guided interaction among themselves on
a theme which is generally presented to the group by one or more members.
(vii) Workshop Technique
• Education process has tow aspects : theoretical and practical. The instructional techniques
are used to develop the theoretical aspects of the students.
• Workshops and Seminars : The more recent terms used in this context are task force, study
group, working group, etc. but they all convey the same meaning of working in groups to
complete a specified task-within a specified time. Workshops are not talk shop and there is
considerable output from the participants in a workshop.
(viii) Symposium Techniques
Symposium technique is also one of the techniques of higher learning. It is also an instructional
technique which is used to achieve higher cognitive and affective objectives.

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