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Unit 3: Management at Different Levels-Elementary, Secondary, Higher Education

• Every school should keep a Log Book. At present only the imspecting officers are entitled to Notes
put down their remarks in it. But it should contain a complete record of events and furnish
material for a history of the school.
• A record of all the pupils who are admitted to the school. The Admission Register contains
the date of admission, the serial number of the pupil, the age and name of the pupil, the
father’s name, caste, occupation and address, the class to which the pupil is admitted and the
date on which he leaves the school.
• Only one attendance register should be kept by one teacher. Exceptions may be made, however,
in those cases where classes are small. As the attendance registers provide a separate column
for each session of the school day, attendance has to be marked for both the morning and the
afternoon sessions, as soon as the class assembles at the prescribed time.
• All financial transactions occuring from day to day in a school are to a entered in a cash
book. It should be a bound volume and containing pages numbered in print.
• Any equipment or furniture, that is of a more or less permanent nature, is bought and placed
in the school, it must be duly entered in the stock register.
• It records the daily attendance of the teachers in a school showing the time of arrival and the
time of departure of the teacher each day. It should be regularly filled in and signed by all
teachers, morning and afternoon, every day.
• There should be a complete personnel record of all the employees. It is valuable in helping
the principal to study and become, acquainted with the teaching personnel. It is also essential
for the teachers’welfare.
• All pupils should be required to furnish certain general information upon entering school
for the first time. The enrolment card should be made in duplicate, one for the
superintendent’s office and one for the principal’s office.
• Some schools make out a promotion and failure report at the end of each year. It may show
the principal certain danger points which deserve his attention. It will also give a teacher a
chance to see his position in relation to the whole school. If a grade or subject have an
unusually high percentage of failures, further investigations should be made to find out the
reasons.
• The Secondary Education Commission has recommended the maintenance of cumulative
record of each pupil by the class teachers. It will include not only the personal data of the
pupil but also his school-attainments, health report, personality traits and participation in
activities.
• Teaching is organized in three phases : pre-active, interactive and post active phase of teaching.
Before entering into the classroom whatever activities a teacher plans may be put in a
preactive phases of teaching. The lesson-planning is virtually the preactive phases of teaching.
• The lesson plan has significant role in planning and organizing instructional procedure with
the following reasons :
(i) In teacher-education programme, the lesson planning provides the guideline to pupil-
teachers during their teaching practices.
(ii) It provides awareness of teaching objectives and structure of content and teacher has to
perform his activities in the direction to achieve the objectives.
(iii) The sequence of content is to be planned and finalized by content-analysis in lesson-
planning.
(iv) The apperceptive mass of the learner is developed or encouraged by linking the new
knowledge with the previous knowledge of the students.
• There are various approaches for designing the lesson planning. The important approaches
have been discussed here.

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