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bdkbZμ15% 'kSf{kd izcaèku esa i.kèkkfj;ksa (ncko lewgksa) dh lgHkkfxrk
uksV
fczVsu esa f'k{kd laxBu vkt Hkh egRoiw.kZ dk;Z dj jgk gSA fczfV'k ljdkj f'k{kk osQ {ks=k esa dksbZ
ckr Fkksi ugha ldrhA ;g f'k{kd laxBu gh gS] tks ogk¡ dh f'k{kk dh fLFkfr dks Bhd fd, gq, gSA
Nk=k laxBu Hkh vkt ,d egRoiw.kZ ncko lewg gSA ns'k esa buosQ ncko dks vkt Lohdkj fd;k tk jgk gS] ijUrq
xyr ncko f'k{kk dh xq.koÙkk ij foijhr izHkko Mky jgk gSA vk, fnu Nk=kksa dh gM+rkyksa] ijh{kk ck;dkV vkfn
ls ikB~;Øe iw.kZ gksus dh nks o"khZ; vofèk pkj&pkj o"kZ dh cu xbZ gSA mfpr rks ;g gksxk fd budk izf'k{k.k
gksA budh ckrksa ij lgkuqHkwfr ls fopkj fd;k tk;sA buosQ lkFk 'kVy dkWd dh rjg O;ogkj ugha fd;k tk;sA ugha
rks ;g 'kfDr tks l`tudkjh gks ldrh gS] foLiQksVdkjh Hkh gks ldrh gSA
Hkkjr osQ lUnHkZ esa
gekjs ns'k esa izk;% izR;sd jkT; osQ f'k{kk foHkkxksa esa u osQoy ikBÔØe fuf'pr dj fn;k gS] oju~ izR;sd fo"k;
osQ dkyka'kksa dh la[;k] ewY;kadu iz.kkyh vkfn Hkh fuf'pr dj nh gSA blls f'k{kdksa dh l`tu'khyrk ij foijhr
izHkko iM+k gSA os LFkkuh; vFkok ckydksa dh vko';drkuq:i ikB~;Øe vkfn esa ifjorZu ugha dj ldrs gSaA blls
fo|ky;ksa dh Lora=krk dk Hkh guu gksrk gS] tks tura=kh; fl¼kUrksa osQ izfrowQy gSA ;fn gesa ,d vPNk 'kSf{kd Lrj
izkIr djuk gS rks gesa fo|ky;ksa rFkk f'k{kdksa dks Lora=krk nsuh gksxhA f'k{kdksa osQ Lo;a osQ }kjk igy djus dks c<+kok
nsuk gksxk rkfd os viuh lw>cw>] lkgl rFkk dk;ZoqQ'kyrk dk ifjp; ns losaQA
f'k{kk ij vkUrfjd fu;a=k.k ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\
Lo&ewY;kadu (Self Assessment)
fjDr LFkkuksa dh iw£r djsa (Fill in the blanks)μ
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1. f'k{kk esa foosQUnzhdj.k dk iz;ksx desVh dh larqfr ij vusd jkT;ksa esa ykxw fd;k x;kA
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2. jkT; ljdkj f'k{kk ij nwljk lcls vfèkd 'kfDr'kkyh gSA
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3. lektoknh ns'kksa esa ;Fkk iwoZ :l rFkk orZeku phu esa f'k{kk ij osQUnzh; dk fu;a=k.k gSA
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4. Hkkjr esa f'k{kk esa gSA
15-3 lkjka'k (Summary)
• f'k{kk ij fu;a=k.k fdldk gks] ;g lnSo fookn dk fo"k; jgk gSA izkjafHkd dky esa f'k{kk xq#oqQyksa }kjk nh tkrh
Fkh] jkT; lgk;rk nsrs Fks] ij f'k{kk ij mudk fu;a=k.k ugha FkkA eè; ;qx esa f'k{kk èkeZ ls tqM+s gksus osQ dkj.k
/k£ed laxBuksa ;Fkk eafnj] efLtnksa ls fu;af=kr jghA vaxzstksa osQ 'kkludky esa f'k{kk ij jkT; dk fu;a=k.k izkjaHk
gqvk] tks vkt rd ns[kk tk ldrk gSA ijUrq vkt Hkh ;g fookn gS fd f'k{kk ij jkT; dk fu;a=k.k lekIr
fd;k tk;sA i.kèkkjh oLrqr% ,sls O;fDr;ksa osQ lewg gS tks leku 'kSf{kd y{; cksèk dks ysdj dk;Z fu"ifÙk
osQ fy, ,d nwljs dk leFkZu o lg;ksx djrs gSaA
• f'k{kk ij jkT; osQ vfrfjDr vU; i.kèkkjh vFkok ncko lewg ftuesa jktuhfrK] f'k{kkfon~] f'k{kd fufgr]
vfHkHkkod lewg] Nk=k laxBu] èkk£ed laxBu o vkS|ksfxd laxBu vkfn vius fufgr LokFkks± ls fu;a=k.k cukus
osQ fy, lnSo rRij jgrs gSaA Hkkjr esa jktuhfrKksa dk fo'ks"k izHkko ns[kk tk ldrk gSA pwafd f'k{kk lkekftd
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