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bdkbZ—14% ekud lacaf/r ijh{k.k
(ii) ekud ijh{k.k ls f'k{kd dks vius fodkl osQ fy, dksbZ fn'kk ugha feyrh gSA uksV
(iii) ekud ijh{k.kksa ls Nk=kksa osQ osQoy lkekU; Lrj dk cks/ gksrk gS] mudh fof'k"V ;ksX;rkvksa dk vkdyu
ugha fd;k tkrk gSA
(iv) ;s ijh{k.k iw.kZ :i ls Lej.k rFkk :Vhu dk;Z ij gh osQfUnzr gksrs gSa] Nk=k vè;;u lkexzh ls jVdj oqQN
iz'u osQ mÙkj nsrs gSa] fdUrq os ml fo"k; ij xgu fopkj djus vFkk 'kks/ dk;Z djus dh {kerk ugha j[krsA
ekud lacaf/r ijh{k.k ekun.M lacaf/r ijh{k.k ls fdl izdkj fHkUu gS\
Lo&ewY;kadu (Self Assessment)
fjDr LFkkuksa dh iw£r djsa (Fill in the blanks)μ
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1. ekud lEcaf/r ijh{k.k }kjk viuh vk;q oxZ osQ Nk=kksa esa Nk=k dk fd;k tk ldrk gSA
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2. ;g ijh{k.k rqyukRed :i ls de ls de [kphZys rFkk n`f"V ls vklku gksrs gSaA
3. --------- osQ vk/kj ij ge vuqeku yxk ldrs gSa fd Nk=k us fdruh --------- dk vè;;u fd;k gSA
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4. bu ijh{k.kksa dk fuekZ.k rjhosQ ls fd;k tkrk gSA
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5. ekud lEca/h ijh{k.k esa ifj.kkeksa dh O;k[;k osQ Lrj osQ :i esa dh tkrh gSA
14-5 lkjka'k (Summary)
• ijEijkxr <ax ls cuk;s izekf.kd fu"ifÙk ijh{kk vFkok f'k{kd }kjk fu£er ijh{k.kksa dks ^ekud lEcaf/r ijh{kk
(Norm reference Test) dgrs gSaA bldk y{; ikB~;Øe lEcaf/r miyfC/;ksa dk ekiu djus dk gS vkSj
Nk=kksa dh miyfC/ Lrj dk ewY;kadu lewg esa Lrjhdj.k (ekud) osQ :i esa fd;k tkrk gSA
• ekud lacaf/r ijh{k.k dks 'kSf{kd ekiu osQ {ks=k esa ,d u;s fopkj osQ :i esa ns[kk tkrk gS] bldh fo'ks"krk,¡
fuEufyf[kr gSaμ
(i) ekud lacaf/r ijh{k.k ;g lwpuk nsrs gSa fd Nk=kksa us ikB~; oLrq dk dgk¡ rd vè;;u fd;k gSA
(ii) ;s ijh{k.k Nk=k osQ cks/ Lrj dk ewY;kadu djrs gSaA
• ekud lacaf/r ijh{k.k osQ fuEufyf[kr ykHk gSaμ
(i) ekud lacaf/r ijh{k.k }kjk viuh vk;q oxZ osQ Nk=kksa esa Nk=k dk miyfC/ ewY;kadu fd;k tk ldrk gSA
(ii) ;s ijh{k.k rqyukRed :i ls de [kphZys rFkk iz'kkldh; n`f"V ls vklku gksrs gSaA
• ekud lacaf/r ijh{k.k dh lhek,¡ fuEufyf[kr gSaμ
(i) ekud ijh{k.k dk fuekZ.k ijEijkxr izfØ;k ls fd;k tkrk gS bUgsa izkekf.kd cukus osQ fy, ekudksa dks
fodflr djuk vko';d gksrk gSA
(ii) ekud ijh{k.k ls f'k{kd dks vius fodkl osQ fy, dksbZ fn'kk ugha feyrh gSA
14-6 'kCndks'k (Keywords)
• iqucZyuμiqu% volj ugha feyukA
• 'krka'kh;μlSadM+k] ,d lkSA
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