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'kSf{kd ekiu rFkk ewY;kadu
uksV (c) xq.kkRed ijh{kk,¡ (Qualitative Tests)
fo|ky; esa xq.kkRed ijh{kkvksa dk mi;ksx vkUrfjd ewY;kadu ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA ;g lkèkkj.kr% ik¡p izdkj
dh gksrh gSμ
(1) lap;h vkys[k (Cumulative Records)A
(2) ,usdMksVy vkys[k (Anecdotal Records)A
(3) fujh{k.k (Observation)A
(4) tk¡p&lwph (Check list) rFkk
(5) vuqfLFkfr ekiuh (Rating Scale)
(1) lap;h vkys[k (Cumulative Records)μfo|ky;ksa esa izR;sd Nk=k ds lEcUèk esa lwpukvksa dks ozQec¼
:i esa O;ofLFkr fd;k tkrk gSA blesa 'kSf{kd izxfr] ekfld ijh{kk&iQy] mifLFkfr] ;ksX;rk rFkk vU;
fo|ky;ksa dh fozQ;kvksa esa Hkkx ysus vkfn dk vkys[k izLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA Nk=k dh izxfr rFkk detksfj;ksa
dks tkuus ds fy, vfHkHkkodksa] f'k{kdksa rFkk izèkkukpk;Z ds fy, vfèkd mi;ksxh vkys[k gksrk gSA
(2) ,usdMksVy vkys[k (Anecdotal Records)μbuesa ckydksa ds O;ogkj ls lEcfUèkr egRoiw.kZ ?kVukvksa
rFkk dk;ks± dk o.kZu fd;k tkrk gSA bu dk;ks± rFkk ?kVukvksa dk vkys[k lgh :i esa fd;k tkrk gSA fujh{k.k
djus okys Nk=k dh #fp;ksa rFkk >qdkoksa dks mRiUu djus okys ?kVdksa dk Hkh mYys[k djrk gS] buds vkèkkj
ij Nk=k ds lEcUèk esa lkekU;hdj.k fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj funsZ'ku esa bls iz;qDr djrs gSaA
(3) fujh{k.k (Observation)μbldk iz;ksx fo'ks"k :i ls NksVs ckydksa ds ewY;kadu ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS]
D;ksafd mudks vU; dksbZ ijh{kk ugha nh tk ldrh gS vkSj muds O;ogkj esa okLrfodrk gksrh gSA bldk
iz;ksx mudh ;ksX;rk rFkk O;ogkjksa ds lEcUèk esa fd;k tkrk gSA mPp d{kkvksa esa Nk=k Lo;a vkRefujh{k.k
ds fy, Hkh bls iz;ksx djrk gSA
(4) tk¡p lwph (Check-list)μfyf[kr rFkk ekSf[kd ijh{kk,¡ Nk=kksa ds KkukRed i{k dh tk¡p djrh gSa vkSj
iz;ksxkRed ijh{kk,¡ dkS'ky rFkk fozQ;kRed i{k dh tk¡p djrh gSaA tk¡p lwph dk iz;ksx vfHk#fp;ksa]
vfHko`fÙk;ksa rFkk HkkokRed i{k ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA blesa oqQN dFku fn;s tkrs gSaA mu dFkuksa ds lEcUèk
esa Nk=kksa dks ^gk¡* vFkok ^ugha* esa mÙkj vafdr djuk gksrk gSA bl izdkj ds dFkuksa dh lwph dh jpuk
djrs le; mís'; Li"V gksus pkfg,A izR;sd dFku dks fdlh fof'k"V mís'; dk ekiu djuk pkfg,_ tSlsμ
(1) vkidks f'k{k.k&lksikuksa dk Lej.k djus esa #fp gSA gk¡@ugha
(2) vki ikB ;kstuk dh jpuk djus esa #fp ysrs gSaA gk¡@ugha
(3) vkidks d{kk&f'k{k.k ds izLrqrhdj.k esa vkuUn feyrk gSA gk¡@ugha
(4) vkidks Nk=kksa ds dk;ks± dh iz'kalk djuk vPNk yxrk gSA gk¡@ugha
bl tk¡p lwph ls Nk=kkè;kidksa dh f'k{k.k esa #fp dk ewY;kadu fd;k tk ldrk gSA gk¡@ugha
1-7 'kSf{kd ewY;kadu dh leL;k,¡ (Issues of Educational Assessment)
ijEijkxr vadu iz.kkyh (Traditional Marking)μlkèkkj.k ijh{kk esa iw.kk±d 100 vkoafVr fd;s tkrs gSaA bldh
voèkkj.kk ;g gS fd Nk=kksa dh {kerkvksa dh 0 ls 100 osQ iSekus ij 'kq¼ :i esa izn£'kr fd;k tkrk gSA ekuoh;
{kerk;sa rhu izdkj dh gksrh gSaμKkukRed] HkkokRed rFkk fØ;kRedA blfy, ekiu esa 'kq¼rk ykuk vlEHko gSA
ekuoh; ;ksX;rkvksa dk ekiu vfèkd laosnu'khy gSA blfy, 0 ls 100 osQ iSekus ij 'kq¼rk ugha ykbZ tk ldrh gSA
vk£Fkd lEHkkfor =kqfV (High Probability Error)μmijksDr voèkkj.kk lgh ugha gS] D;ksafd O;kogkfjd :i
16 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
