Page 23 - DEDU504_EDUCATIONAL_MEASUREMENT_AND_EVALUATION_HINDI

bdkbZ—1% 'kSf{kd ijh{k.k rFkk ewY;kadu

esa nks izdkj dh =kqfV;k¡ gksrh gSaμ uksV
(1) vadu dÙkkZvksa dh fo"kerk] rFkk
(2) f'k{k.k fo"k;ksa dh fofoèkrk

(1) vadu dÙkkZvksa dh fo"kerk (Evaluations Variability)μfucUèkkRed ijh{kk esa vadudrkZ dh =kqfV
lcls vfèkd gksrh gSA ,d gh mÙkj ij ,d ijh{k.k izFke Js.kh osQ vad nsrk gS vkSj nwljk ijh{kd r`rh; Js.kh
osQ vad nsrk gS rFkk vU; vuqÙkh.kZ osQ vad nsrk gSA bl lUnHkZ esa gkjij dh ^uCcs esa nl* dk 'kksèk dk;Z vf/d
izfl¼ gSaA ,d mÙkj&iqfLrdk dks uCcs ijh{kdksa ls vadu djok dj fo'ys"k.k fd;k Fkk] ftlesa Hkkjh fo"kerk
izkIr gqbZ FkhA
vU; =kqfV ;g gksrh gS fd 29 vad esa isQy gksrk gS vkSj 30 vad esa ikl gks tkrk gSA blh izdkj 59 esa f}rh;
Js.kh vksj 60 esa izFke Js.kh nh tkrh gSA ,d vad rFkk vkèks vad dks de ;k vfèkd nsus dk D;k vkèkkj gS\
bldk mÙkj ijh{kd ugha ns ldrk gSA blfy, oLrqfu"B ijh{kkvksa ls bu =kqfV;ksa dks nwj dj fn;k tkrk gS] ijUrq
fucU/kRed ijh{kkvksa dks lekIr ugha dj ldrs gSaA budh viuh fo'ks"krk,¡ rFkk mi;ksfxrk,¡ gSaA

(2) f'k{k.k fo"k;ksa dh fofoèkrk (Subjects Variability)μijh{kdksa dh =kqfV osQ vfrfjDr fo"k;ksa dh fofoèkk
dk Hkh vadu ij izHkko jgrk gSA xf.kr rFkk foKku fo"k;ksa osQ ewY;kadu esa vis{kkÑr 'kq¼rk gksrh gSA lkekftd
fo"k;ksa] Hkk"kkvksa osQ mÙkjksa osQ vadu esa 'kq¼rk de gksrh gS] tcfd lHkh fo"k;ksa esa 0 ls 100 rd dk iSekuk gh
iz;qDr fd;k tkrk gSA xf.kr esa 90 ls vfèkd vad Hkh fn;s tkrs gSa] tcfd vU; fo"k;ksa esa 90 vad dHkh fdlh
{kk=k osQ ugha vkrs gSaA 0 ls 100 osQ iSekus ij izR;sd fo"k; esa Nk=kksa osQ vad forfjr gksus pkfg,] ijUrq ,slk ugha
gksrk gSA foKku osQ fo"k;ksa esa vfèkdrj 60 ls 80 vad fn;s tkrs gSaA lkekftd fo"k;ksa esa 40 ls 60 vad fn;s tkrs
gSaA bl izdkj 0 ls 100 iSekus dh lkFkZdrk fo"k;ksa ls vyx gksrh gSA lkekftd fo"k;ksa esa rFkk Hkk"kkvksa esa 50 ls
60 vad izkIr djus okys Nk=kksa dks cgqr vPNk ekuk tkrk gS] tcfd foKku fo"k;ksa esa 50 ls 60 vad izkIr djus
okyksa dks lkekU; Lrj dk ekuk tkrk gSA vr% 0 la 100 iSekus dh voèkkj.kk lgh izrhr ugha gksrh gSA

1-8 ewY;kadu dh orZeku iz.kkyh dh uohure leL;k,¡ (Current Trends of
Present system of Education)

vuqfLFkfr iz.kkyh (Grading System): vuqfLFkfr iz.kkyh (Grading) og lkèku gS] ftlls Nk=kksa osQ ekiu
dks izn£'kr fd;k tkrk gSA ;g vko';drk gksrh gS fd Nk=kksa rFkk vfHkHkkodksa dks ;g cryk nsa fd Nk=k osQ
lh[kus dk D;k Lrj gS\ Nk=kksa dks tks vad fn;s tkrs gSa] mlls ;g tkudkjh ugha gksrh gSA
nks Nk=kksa osQ vadksa ls muosQ vUrj dk lgh Kku ugha gksrk gSA ,d ijh{kk esa ,d Nk=k us 50 esa ls 32 rFkk nwljs
us 25 vad izkIr fd,A nksuksa Nk=kksa osQ vadksa osQ vUrj ls xq.kkRed vUrj dk cksèk ugha gksrk gSA igyk nwljs ls vPNk
gS] bl lEcUèk esa oqQN ugha dg ldrs gSaA ;fn Nk=kksa dks vuqfLFkfr (xzsM) vkoafVr dh tk,μ izFke dks B xzsM
rFkk f}rh; dks C xzsM fn;k tkrk gS rks xq.kkRed vUrj izdV gksrk gS fd izFke eè; Lrj dk gS vkSj f}rh; eè;e

Lrj dk gSA
xzsfMax iz.kkyh osQ fuEufyf[kr ykHk gksrs gSaμ
1- ijEijkxr vadu iz.kkyh ij ,d lqèkkj osQ :i esa u;k fodkl gSA ekuoh; ;ksX;rkvksa dk ekiu 'kq¼ :i
esa fd;k tkrk gSA
2- vuqfLFkfr iz.kkyh ls xq.kkRed ekiu gksrk gS vkSj vUrj dks lkFkZd :i esa izdV fd;k tkrk gSA

3- bl iz.kkyh us 0 ls 100 osQ iSekus dh voèkkj.kk dks xyr fl¼ dj fn;k gSA blesa de foLrkj osQ iSekus
ij ekiu rFkk ewY;kadu fd;k tkrk gSA

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