Page 19 - DEDU504_EDUCATIONAL_MEASUREMENT_AND_EVALUATION_HINDI

bdkbZ—1% 'kSf{kd ijh{k.k rFkk ewY;kadu

ijh{kd osQ efLrd esa ,d gh izdkj dk mÙkj jgsxkA blls tgk¡ ,d vkSj dk;Z ljy gks tk;sxk ogk¡ nwljh uksV
vkSj ewY;kadu Hkh 'kq¼ gks tk;sxkA
(vii) Js.kh&fofèk dk iz;ksx (Use of Grading of Rating Method)μijh{kd dks pkfg;s fd og lkjh mÙkj
iqLrdksa dks ,d ckj ljljh rkSj ls i<+sA blosQ i'pkr~ mUgsa ik¡p Jsf.k;ksa esa foHkkftr djsA os Js.kh gSaμ
vfr mÙke rFkk 10» fuÑ"V Lrj dh gksa] 20» mÙke rFkk 20» lkekU; ls uhps Lrj dh gksa ,oa 40» lkekU;
Lrj dh gksaA bl fofèk dk iz;ksx djrs le; mÙkj iqLrdksa ij vadksa osQ LFkku ij v] c l vkfn v{kj
vad iznku djus pkfg;sA

lcls igys oLrqfu"B ijh{kk dk fyf[kr :i esa fuekZ.k gksjkleSu (Horace Mann) us
lu~ 1854 bZ- esa fd;k FkkA blosQ i'pkr~ tktZ fiQ'kj (George Fisher), ts- ,e- jkbl
(J. M. Rice) rFkk LVkpZ (Starch) ,oa FkkjuMkbd (Thorndike) vkfn fo}kuksa us
'kSf{kf.kd fu"ifÙk osQ ekiu gsrq lSdM+ksa oLrqfu"B ijh{kk,¡ cukbZ vkSj vc Hkh fo|k£Fk;ksa
osQ izR;sd {ks=k osQ fodkl dks ekius osQ fy;s fofHkUu izdkj dh oLrqfu"B ijh{kkvksa dk
iz;ksx fd;k tk jgk gSA

(i) dfBu fuekZ.k (Difficult Construction)μoLrqfu"B ijh{kkvksa esa iz'uksa dh la[;k lkS ls ysdj nks lkS rd
gksrh gSA bu iz'uksa dk fuekZ.k osQoy ;ksX;] vuqHkoh rFkk oqQ'ky f'k{kd gh dj ldrs gSaA nwljs 'kCnksa esa
bu ijh{kkvksa osQ iz'uksa dk fuekZ.k cgqr dfBu gksrk gSA
(ii) vè;kiu dh izkekf.krk (Standerdization of Instruction)μbu ijh{kkvksa osQ }kjk fo|k£Fk;ksa dh
fpUru] euu rFkk roZQ vkfn 'kfDr;ksa dks fodflr djus dh vis{kk f'k{k.k uhfr esa lekurk ykus dk iz;kl
fd;k tkrk gSA blls oS;fDrd fofHkUurk osQ fl¼kUr dh vogsyuk gksrh gS ftlosQ ifj.kkeLo:i ekufld
fØ;k ;kfU=kd cu tkrh gSA
(iii) fopkj laxBu dk vHkko (Lack of Organization of Thought)μbu ijh{kkvksa esa fo|kFkhZ NksVs&NksVs
iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nsrs gSaA blls muesa u rks dYiuk rFkk ekSfyd fpUru dk fodkl gksrk gS vkSj u gh os vius
fopkjksa dks Øfed :i esa laxfBr dj ikrs gSaA
(iv) ekufld ;ksX;rkvksa osQ ewY;kadu dh dfBukbZ (Difficulty of Measuring Mental

Abilities)μfucUèkkRed ijh{kkvksa esa fo|k£Fk;ksa dks fopkj roZQ] vfHkO;atu rFkk vkykspuk vkfn ekufld
;ksX;rkvksa dk ekiu ljyrkiwoZd fd;k tk ldrk gSA oLrqfu"B ijh{kkvksa esa mDr ekufld ;ksX;rkvksa dk
ekiu ugha fd;k tk ldrkA
(v) vèkwjh lwpuk (Partial Information)μbu ijh{kkvksa esa iz'u cgqr NksVs&NksVs gksrs gSaA buosQ mÙkjksa dks

;k rks fpUgksa esa fn;k tkrk gS vFkok ,d ;k nks 'kCnksa esaA blls ijh{kd dks fo|kFkhZ osQ fo"k; esa iwjh tkudkjh
ugha gks ikrhA
(vi) vko';drk ls vfèkd ljy (Over Simplification)μdHkh&dHkh ;s ijh{kk;sa bruh ljy gksrh gSa fd

detksj ls detksj fo|kFkhZ Hkh buosQ iz'uksa dk mÙkj fcYoqQy lgh fy[k nsrs gSaA blls fo|k£Fk;ksa osQ Hkfo";
dk mfpr ekxZ&n'kZu ugha gks ikrkA
(vii) vuqeku rFkk èkks[kk (Guessing and Cheating)μbu ijh{kkvksa osQ mÙkj nsrs le; fo|kFkhZ vfèkdrj
vuqeku dk lgkjk ysrs gSaA dHkh&dHkh ,slk Hkh gksrk gS fd os ijh{kd dks èkks[kk nsdj vU; fo|k£Fk;ksa dh
mÙkj&iqLrdksa ls udy Hkh dj nsrs gSaA

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