Page 14 - DEDU504_EDUCATIONAL_MEASUREMENT_AND_EVALUATION_HINDI

'kSf{kd ekiu rFkk ewY;kadu

uksV 9- bu ijh{kkvksa dh lcls izeq[k fo'ks"krk ;g gS fd bUgsa dgha Hkh vkSj fdlh Hkh le; iz'kkflr fd;k tk
ldrk gSA rFkk izkIr ifj.kkeksa dh fo'oluh;rk cuh jgrh gSA
“Most teachers prefer standardized test that differ from their own informal examinations
only in that they are provided with norms and that they are more reliable, more objective,
more easily scored, more highly refined technically than their own product.” –Lindquist

1-2-5 vfèkxe ekiu ijh{kk,¡ (Tests for Measuring Learing)
vfèkxe ekius osQ fy;s dbZ izdkj dh fu"ifÙk ijh{kkvksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA fuEufyf[kr iafDr;ksa esa ge izeq[k
fu"ifÙk ijh{kkvksa ij izdk'k Mky jgs gSaμ

(b) ekSf[kd ijh{kk;sa (Verbal Test)μekSf[kd ijh{kkvksa dk mís'; fo|k£Fk;ksa dh ekSf[kd iz'uksa }kjk rqjUr
vfHkO;fDr rFkk fØ;k'khyrk dh tk¡p djuk gSA bu ijh{kkvksa dk iz;ksx igys rks NksVh d{kkvksa osQ fo|k£Fk;ksa osQ
fy;s gh fd;k tkrk Fkk ijUrq vktdy budk iz;ksx cM+h d{kkvksa esa izos'k] lk{kkRdkj rFkk okbok&okslh osQ fy;s
Hkh fd;k tkrk gSA

ekSf[kd ijh{kkvksa dk iz;ksx fo|k£Fk;ksa osQ iwoZKku] rF;ksa osQ Kku osQ izR;kLej.k (Recall), fyf[kr ijh{kk dh iw£r
rFkk muosQ mPpkj.k dh ;ksX;rk ,oa O;fDrxr xq.kksa dk ekiu djus osQ fy;s fd;k tkrk gSA bu ijh{kkvksa osQ
fuEufyf[kr nks"k gSaμ
(i) buosQ }kjk yTtk'khy fo|kFkhZ vius Kku rFkk ;ksX;rk dk izn'kZu ugha dj ikrsA

(ii) buosQ ifj.kkeksa esa vkRefu"Brk (Subjectivity) dh ek=kk vfèkd gksrh gSA
(iii) budk dksbZ fyf[kr izek.k ugha gksrkA vr% vad iznku djus esa f'k{kd euekuh dj ldrk gSA
(iv) ;s ijh{kk,¡ izR;sd fo|kFkhZ osQ fy;s U;k; laxr ugha gSA

fyf[kr ijh{kk;sa (Written Tests)μfyf[kr ijh{kk;sa nks izdkj dh gksrh gSaμ(i) fucUèkkRed rFkk (ii) oLrqfu"BA
mDr nksuksa izdkj dh ijh{kkvksa osQ lEcUèk esa ge blh vè;k; esa vkxs pydj izdk'k Mky jgsa gSA
iz;ksxkRed ijh{kk;sa (Practical Test)μiz;ksxkRed ijh{kkvksa esa fo|kFkhZ fdlh fuèkkZfjr dk;Z dks iz;ksx }kjk iwjk
djrs gSaA bl izdkj dh ijh{kkvksa dk iz;ksx jlk;u&'kkL=k rFkk HkkSfrd 'kkL=k ,oa Hkwxksy vkfn esa gksrk gSA
dkS'ky izn'kZu ijh{kk;sa (Performance Tests)μdkS'ky izn'kZu ijh{kkvksa esa fo|kFkhZ fy[kdj mÙkj ugha nsrs oju~
os vius fo"k; dh ;ksX;rk dk ifjp; fdlh dk;Z dks djosQ nsrs gSaA bl izdkj dh ijh{kkvksa dk iz;ksx laxhr] dyk
rFkk foKku vkfn fo"k;ksa esa fo'ks"k :i ls fd;k tkrk gSA
(c) fucUèkkRed ijh{kk,¡ (Essay Type Tests): fucUèkkRed ijh{kkvksa dk vFkZ (Meaning of Essay Type
Tests)μfucUèkkRed ijh{kkvksa dk rkRi;Z ,slh ijh{kk iz.kkyh ls gS ftlosQ vUrxZr fo|kFkhZ ikB~;&Øe osQ dbZ iz'uksa
osQ mÙkj fuf'pr le; osQ vUnj fucUèk osQ :i esa nsrs gSA bu ijh{kkvksa esa iz'uksa osQ mÙkj brus yEcs gksrs gSa fd
ijh{kd fo|k£Fk;ksa dks fopkj] rqyuk] vfHkO;atu] roZQ rFkk vkykspuk vkfn 'kfDr;ksa osQ lkFk&lkFk fopkjksa dks
laxfBr djus dh ;ksX;rk rFkk Hkk"kk ,oa 'kSyh dk ekiu Hkyh&Hkk¡fr dj ldrk gSA Lej.k jgs fd izR;kLej.k (Recall)
rFkk igpku (Recognition) Lrj ij fo|k£Fk;ksa dh fu"ifÙk dk ekiu oLrqfu"B ijh{kkvksa osQ }kjk vo'; fd;k
tk ldrk gS ijUrq fuokZpu (Interpretation), iz;ksx (Application) rFkk ewY;kadu (Evaluation) Lrj ij
fucUèkkRed ijh{kk dk iz;ksx djuk ije vko';d gSA
(d) fucUèkkRed ijh{kkvksa osQ xq.k (Merits of Essay Type Tests)fucUèkkRed ijh{kkvksa osQ xq.k fuEufyf[kr gSaμ
(i) ljy fuekZ.k (Essay Construction)μfucUèkkRed ijh{kkvksa osQ iz'u&i=k NksVs gksrs gSaA buosQ cukus esa
fdlh fo'ks"k ;ksX;rk dh vko';drk ugha iM+rhA bUgsa cgqr gh de le; esa cukdj FkksM+s [kpsZ esa Niok;k
tk ldrk gSA

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