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bdkbZ—1% 'kSf{kd ijh{k.k rFkk ewY;kadu

ekud (Precentile Norms) rS;kj djuk vfèkd mi;qDr le>k tkrk gS D;kasfd bu ekudksa ls ;g vklkuh ls uksV
Kkr gks tkrk gS fd veqd ijh{kkFkhZ dh lewg esa D;k fLFkfr gSA
9- ijh{kk dk vfUre izk:i (Final form of the test)μijh{kk dks vfUre izk:i fn;s tkus osQ ckn lEiw.kZ ijh{kk
dh ,d ckj iqu% oSèkrk ,oa fo'oluh;rk Kkr dh tkrh gSA ijh{kk dh oSèkrk fdlh mi;qDr dlkSVh (criterion)
osQ vkèkkj ij LFkkfir dh tkrh gS] rFkk fo'oluh;rk Kkr djus osQ fy, fuEu izfofèk;ksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSμ
(a) ijh{k.k iquiZjh{k.k fofèk (Test-Retest Method)
(b) vèkZ&foVkiu fofèk (Split Half Method)
(c) lekukUrj izk:i fofèk (Parallel form Method)
(d) owQM fjpMZlu iQkewZyk (K-R Formula)

10- ijh{k.k lkexzh NikbZ (Printing Test Material)μijh{k.k dk vfUre :i fuf'pr gks tkus ij leLr
lEcfUèkr lkexzh Niok yh tkrh gSA ijh{k.k dk foLr`r C;kSjk ijh{k.k eSuqvy (Test-manual) osQ :i esa izLrqr
fd;k tkrk gSA ;g eSuqvy izR;sd izkekf.kd ijh{k.k dk ,d vfHkUu rFkk vko';d vax le>k tkrk gSA blosQ
vUrxZr ijh{kk iqfLrdk dh NikbZ] eq[ki`"B ij vko';d funsZ'k] ijh{kk dh izÑfr] mÙkj nsus dk <ax] ijh{kk osQ
fy, fuèkkZfjr le;] iQykadu oqaQth] ijh{kd osQ fy;s funsZ'k iqfLrdk (ijh{kk fdl izdkj ysuh gS] ijh{kk£Fk;ksa dks
D;k&D;k funsZ'k nsus gSa] ijh{kk esa D;k&D;k lkoèkkfu;k¡ cjruh gSa] ijh{kk dk ewY;kadu fdl izdkj djuk gS]
ijh{kkiQy dh O;k[;k fdl izdkj djuh gS vkfn) rFkk ekud vkfn lfEefyr fd;s tkrs gSaA ekudksa dks vyx
ls ;k funsZ'k iqfLrdk esa gh Niok fn;k tkrk gSA

izekihÑr ijh{kkvksa esa vk;q ekud rFkk miyfCèk ijh{k.kksa (Achievement Test) esa
xzsM ekud rFkk 'krka'kh; ekud rS;kj fd;s tkrs gSaA ekud rS;kj djus osQ fy, fdlh
d{kk fo'ks"k vFkok vk;q lewg osQ fy, ,d ijh{kk rS;kj dh tkrh gS fiQj bl ijh{kk
dks ml d{kk osQ leLr fo|k£Fk;ksa ij iz'kkflr djosQ fo|k£Fk;ksa }kjk izkIr vadksa dk
eè;eku Kkr dj fy;k gSA

1-2-4 ijh{kkvksa osQ xq.k (Merits of Standaridized Test)

ekudhÑr ijh{kkvksa osQ izeq[k xq.k fuEu gSaμ
1- rqyukRed vè;;u esa bu liQyrkiwoZd iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA
2- ;s ijh{kk,¡ Nk=k dk 'kSf{kd ,oa O;kolkf;d ekxZ&n'kZu djus esa lgk;d gksrh gSaA
3- bu ijh{kkvksa osQ ekè;e ls Nk=k dks viuh detksfj;ksa ,oa {kerkvksa dk vkHkkl vklkuh ls gks tkrk gSA
4- bu ijh{kkvksa osQ vkèkkj ij fdlh Nk=k dh fofHkUu fo"k;ksa dh miyfCèk;ksa esa lglEcUèk LFkkfir fd;k tk
ldrk gSA
5- ;s ijh{kk,¡ fo|k£Fk;ksa dk oxhZdj.k djus esa lgk;d gksrh gSaA

6- ;s ijh{kk,¡ d{kk lEcUèkh fofHkUu leL;kvksa osQ gy djus esa vFkok fo|k£Fk;ksa osQ ckjs esa tkudkjh izkIr
djus esa vè;kid dh lgk;rk djrh gSaA
7- ;s ijh{kk,¡ Nk=k osQ O;fDrRo dk iw.kZ :i ls ijh{k.k djrh gSaA
8- ;s ijh{kk,¡ fofHkUu fo|ky;ksa esa i<+us okys fo|k£Fk;ksa vFkok ,d gh d{kk esa i<+us okys yM+osQ ,oa yM+fd;ksa
dh cqf¼ vFkok ;ksX;rk esa foHksn djus esa lgk;d gksrh gSaA

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