Page 9 - DEDU504_EDUCATIONAL_MEASUREMENT_AND_EVALUATION_HINDI

bdkbZ—1% 'kSf{kd ijh{k.k rFkk ewY;kadu

ml ijh{k.k fo'ks"k dh ekudhdj.k izfØ;k (Process of Standardization) lEiUu dh xbZ gSA ijh{k.k eq[;r% uksV
nks izdkj osQ gksrs gSaμvè;kid fu£er ijh{k.k rFkk ekudhÑr ijh{k.kA vè;kid fu£er ijh{k.kksa dh ;gh ,d eq[;
lhek gksrh gS fd mudk iz;ksx {ks=k vR;Ur lhfer gksrk gS rFkk budk liQy iz'kklu d{kk ifjfLFkfr;ksa ij vR;Ur
fuHkZj djrk gSA
5- izfrfufèkRok (Representativeness)μl`f"V dh dksbZ lhek ughaA dksbZ Hkh O;fDr ;g nkok ugha dj ldrk fd
ftruk Kku og j[krk gS mlosQ vkxs oqQN gS gh ughaA ysfdu fiQj Hkh ge bl izdkj osQ nkos vkRe fo'okl osQ
lkFk djrs gSa] tSls&fo'o esa lkjs dkSos dkys gksrs gSaA vc ;g rks gS ugha fd bl izdkj dh ?kks"k.kk djus okys O;fDr
us iwjs fo'o dk Hkze.k djosQ ,slh ckr dgh gks] D;ksafd ,slk djuk lEHko gh ugha gSA oLrqr% ge iwjh tula[;k
dks ysdj dksbZ vuqlUèkku dk;Z vo'; djrs gSa ysfdu iwjh tula[;k osQ vk¡dM+s ugha ys ikrsA vr% mlesa ls ,d
foLr`r U;kn'kZ (Representative Sample) ys ysrs gSa ftl ij gekjk lEiw.kZ vuqlaèkku dk;Z vkèkkfjr gksrk gSA
,d mÙke ijh{k.k dh n`f"V ls mlesa ;g fo'ks"krk gksuh pkfg;s fd og izfrfufèk dgk tk losQA dgus dk rkRi;Z
;g gS fd O;fDr osQ O;ogkj osQ ftl U;kn'kZ dk ekiu djus osQ fy;s ijh{k.k dh jpuk dh xbZ gS mldk ekiu
ijh{k.k izfrfufèkRo ls dj losQA
(1) ekudhÑr (Standardized)μ,d mÙke ijh{k.k ekudhÑr gksrk gSA bldk vFkZ ;g gS fd ijh{k.k
esa fn;s tkus okys iz'uksa] funsZ'kksa] ijh{kk ysus dh fofèk;ksa rFkk iz'kklu ,oa iQykadu izfØ;k dks igys ls
gh fuf'pr dj fy;k x;k gks rkfd ewY;kadu oLrqfu"B rjhosQ ls fd;k tk losQA lh- oh- xqM
(C.V.Good) osQ vuqlkjμ,d ekudhÑr ijh{k.k og gS ftlesa fo"k;oLrq dk p;u vuqHko osQ vkèkkj
ij fd;k x;k gks] ftlosQ iz'kklu ,oa iQykadu dh le:i fofèk;ksa dks fodflr fd;k x;k gks rFkk
iQykadu dks oLrqfu"B fofèk ls fd;k x;k gksA
(2) oLrqfu"Brk (Objectivity)μfdlh Hkh ijh{k.k dk oLrqfu"Bk gksuk vR;Ur vko';d gS D;ksafd bldk
izHkko fo'oluh;rk ,oa oSèkrk nksuksa ij gh iM+rk gSA okLro esa tks ijh{kk oLrqfu"Bk ugha gksrh og oSèk
rFkk fo'oluh; Hkh ugha gks ldrhA dksbZ ijh{kk oLrqfu"B rc gksrh gS tc mlosQ iz'uksa osQ mÙkjksa ij vad
nsrs le; fofHk O;fDr;ksa dk erHksn u gks] ftlosQ iz'uksa dh O;k[;k ;k ftuosQ vFkZ fHkUu&fHkUu izdkj
ls u fd;s tk ldrs gksa] ftuosQ mÙkj fcYoqQy Bhd ;k fcYoqQy v'kq¼ gksa vkSj mu ij vad nsrs le;
fofHkUu O;fDr;ksa esa erHksn u gksrk gksA la{ksi esa] og ijh{kk oLrqfu"B dgykrh gS ftl ij ijh{kd dk
O;fDrxr izHkko ugha iM+rk gSA

(3) foHksndkfjrk (Discriminative)μ,d mÙke ijh{k.k esa foHksndkfjrk dk xq.k vfuok;Z :i ls fo|eku
jgrk gSA oLrqr% foHksndkjh ijh{kk ml ijh{kk dks dgrs gSa tks mPp ;ksX;rk ,oa fuEu ;ksX;rk okys
fo|k£Fk;ksa esa Hksn crk losaQ vFkkZr~] ;g ijh{k.k izfrHkk'kkyh ,oa eUncqf¼ ckydksa esa vUrj Li"V dj losQA
bl mís'; ls ijh{kk osQ iz'u oqQN tfVy cuk;s tkrs gSa vkSj oqQN ljy ftlls fd mUgsa nksuksa izdkj osQ
fo|kFkhZ gy dj losaQA ijh{k.k dh ;g fo'ks"krk gksuh pkfg;s fd oqQN vPNs fo|k£Fk;ksa dks vfèkd vad
feysa rFkk detksj fo|k£Fk;ksa dks de vad feysaA

(4) fo'oluh;rk (Reliability)μ,d mÙke euksoSKkfud ijh{k.k dh lcls egRoiw.kZ fo'ks"krk mldh
fo'oluh;rk gS vFkkZr~] ftl ij fo'okl fd;k tk losQA fo'oluh;rk ls gekjk rkRi;Z ,slh ijh{kk ls
gS ftldks ckj&ckj iz'kkflr djus ij ,d ls gh fu"d"kZ izkIr gksaA
‘If refers to the consistency of measurement’ vFkkZr~] ;fn fdlh ijh{kk osQ ifj.kke iquiZjh{k.k osQ
i'pkr~ leku ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ,d leku cus jgrs gSa rks ml ijh{kk dks fo'oluh; ekuk tkrk gS bl
izdkj fdlh ijh{kk dh fo'oluh;rk ijh{kk esa U;kn'kZ dh ek=kk (Sample size) rFkk vadksa dh
oLrqfu"Brk ij fuHkZj djrh gSA fo'oluh;rk dk lEcUèk ekiu dh ;FkkFkZrk ls gSA fdlh Hkh izdkj osQ
ekiu esa dksbZ Hkh =kqfV u gks lEHko ugha gksrkA

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 3