Page 96 - DEDU504_EDUCATIONAL_MEASUREMENT_AND_EVALUATION_PUNJABI

ft~fdne wkg ns/ w[~bKeD
ft~fdne wkg ns/ w[~bKeD
ft~fdne wkg ns/ w[~bKeD
ft~fdne wkg ns/ w[~bKeD
ft~fdne wkg ns/ w[~bKeD
2
È؇ σ = wd ftubD
i
σ = nzso ftubD
2
e
2
σ = e[b ftubD
t
fJ; bJh, j'fJs d/ nB[;ko, ftPtk;:'rsk dh ;Nhe gfoGkPk fJ; soK j?L

σi
σ t 2 ( 2 – σ 2 ) σx – e 2
VX i = σ x 2 – i 2 = σ 2 – i 2
σ
σx
ftubD ftXh bkr{ eoD s/, ftPtk;:'rsk dh rDBk fBwB ;wheoD Bkb b~Gh ik ;edh j?L

MS – MS
i
VXX = ind resi
MS ind
fi~E/, MS ind = ftnesh d/ n";s ;e'oK d/ ftubD dh n";s ebk;

MS resi = ftneshrs ns/ wd ftubD xNkUD s'A pknd puhnK wdK d/ ftubD dh n";s ebk;

eh s[;hA ikDd/ j' fJ~e N?;N e/tb ;wK ;hwk d~;D Bkb jh rsh N?;N BjhA pD iKdk. feUAfe
i/eo ;ko/ ftfdnkoEh jh fBPfus ;wK ;hwk d/ nzdo N?;N g{ok eoD :'r j'D,
sK fe;/ ftfdnkoEh Bz{ nkgDh fbyD dh rsh tXkUD dh b'V BjhA ns/ fJ;
d/ T[bN, i/eo fJ~e ftfdnkoEh N?;N g{ok BjhA eo gkUAdk, sK T[; dh rsh
Bz{ P[~X sohe/ Bkb BjhA wkfgnk ik ;edk.

7H4 ftPtk;:'rsk dh T[g:'frsk
7H4 ftPtk;:'rsk dh T[g:'frsk
7H4 ftPtk;:'rsk dh T[g:'frsk
7H4 ftPtk;:'rsk dh T[g:'frsk
7H4 ftPtk;:'rsk dh T[g:'frsk
ftPtk;:'rsk
fJ~e w[~bKeD T[geoD dh ftPtk;:'rskftPtk;:'rsk
ftPtk;:'rsk
ftPtk;:'rsk Uj j~d j? fi; s~e fJj ;fEosk ns/ P[~Xsk Bkb ft~fdnk Bz{
wkgdk j?.
id'A fJ~e w[~bKeD d/ Bshi/ ftPtk;:'r j[zd/ jB, sK ;kBz{ ftPtk; j[zdk j? fe d[jokJh iK ;wkB w[~bKeD Bkb
;fEo Bshi/ gqkgs j'Dr/. fJ; Bkb n;hA fJ~e ftfdnkoEh dh T[gbpXh pko/ fJ~e nkw XkoDk pDk ;ed/
jK, fijVh fe T[d'A pj[s wj~stg{oD j[zdh j? id'A n;hA fJ; w[~bKeD Bz{ nfXnkgB ns/ f;~fynk pko/ fBoD/
b?D bJh tos oj/ j'JhJ/. iK fco n;hA ftfdnkoEhnK iK UBK d/ wkfgnK iK nfGGkteK Bz{ gqshfeqnk d/
oj/ j'JhJ/. gqzs{ e'Jh th Bshi/ g{oh soK ftPtk;:'r BjhA j' ;ed/. jw/Pk E'Vh fijh fGzBsk j[zdh j? fijVh
fe w[~bKeD Bz{ gqGkfts eo ;edh j?, fJ; bJh fJ~e f;~fyne Bz{ jw/Pk BshfinK Bz{ gqPB eoD bJh fsnko
ofjDk ukjhdk j?.
ekoe fijV/ ftPtk;:'rsk Bz{ gqGkfts eo ;ed/ jBL
• w[~bKeD dh bzpkJh — nkw s"o s/ bzpk w[~bKeD nfXe ftPtk;:'r Bshi/ T[sgzB eodk j?.
• w[~bKeD ehs/ ikD tkb/ ftfdnkoEhnK bJh gqPBK iK ekoiK dh ;Nhesk.
• gqPBK dh Ppdktbh.
• N?;N gqPk;B ft~u ;fEosk^ T[dkjoD bJh, w[~bKeD bJh fd~sk frnk ;wK, N?;N s'A gfjbK ftfdnkoEhnK
Bz{ fd~s/ rJ/ fBod/P nkfd.
• nzeD ftt;Ek dk fvIkJhB ns/ nzeD gqfeqnktK dk ;zukbB .

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