Page 92 - DEDU504_EDUCATIONAL_MEASUREMENT_AND_EVALUATION_PUNJABI

ft~fdne wkg ns/ w[~bKeD
ft~fdne wkg ns/ w[~bKeD
ft~fdne wkg ns/ w[~bKeD
ft~fdne wkg ns/ w[~bKeD
ft~fdne wkg ns/ w[~bKeD
tkfip s[bBk iK e/H nkoH ckow{bkL e[d/o ns/ fouov;B
tkfip s[bBk iK e/H nkoH ckow{bkL e[d/o ns/ fouov;B
2H 2H 2H tkfip s[bBk iK e/H nkoH ckow{bkL e[d/o ns/ fouov;B B/ ftPtk;:'rsk gsk eoD bJh fJ~e ftXh
È؇ 2H 2H tkfip s[bBk iK e/H nkoH ckow{bkL e[d/o ns/ fouov;Btkfip s[bBk iK e/H nkoH ckow{bkL e[d/o ns/ fouov;B
g/P ehsh fi; Bz{ tkfip s[bBk iK e/H nkoH ckow{bk fejk iKdk j?. fJ; ftXh ft~u j'o ;kohnK ftXhnK dhnK
ewhnK d{o eo fd~shnK rJhnK jB. fJ; nB[;ko, N?;N fJ~e' tko nk:'fis ehsk ikt/ ns/ gqPB wdK
ftueko ;fj;zpzX UBK ftueko ;wkBsk d/yD bJh gsk ehsk iKdk j?. fJ; bJh fJ; ftXh d[nkok gqkgs
ehs/ ftPtk;:'rsk r[DKe Bz{ nzdo{Bh ;fEosk dk r[DKe th fejk iKdk j?. nzdo{Bh ;fEosk dh w[~y ftP/Psk
fJj j? fe N?;N dhnK ftfGzB wdK ftueko nkg; ft~u T[Zu ;fj;zpzX j[zdk j?. fJ; ftXh d/ bkr{ eoD bJh
w[~y wkBsk fJj j? fe fJ; N?;N ft~u Pkfwb ;G wdK fJ~eo{g j'DhnK ukjhdhnK jB, BjhA sK ftPtk;:'rsk
r[DKe noX^ftGkiB ftXh s'A x~N j't/rk. noEks, fJ~e N?;N ft~u fJ~e' soK d/ gqPB jB feUAfe fJBK ;G
gqPBK dk T[d/P UBK s~sK Bz{ wkgDk j? fijV/ :'rsk ns/ ftnefs~st Bz{ gqGkfts eod/ jB.
fJ; ftXh ft~u, d' fpzd{nK Bz{ yk; wj~st fd~sk iKdk j?, fJj jB wdK dk nzso^;fj;zpzX ns/ wdK dk
nkg;h ;zpzX.
gqPBK d/ nzso^;fj;zpzX dk noE j? fJ~e ftP/ ft~u gqshfeqnktK dh ;fEosk dk wkg fijVk ftfGzB wdK
ft~u j[zdk j?. noEks, fJ~e fpnkB d{i/ d/ ;zpzX ft~u fezBk ;fEo j?. fJj ;fEosk d' soK dhnK rbshnK
Bkb gqGkfts j[zdh j?. gfjbh, N?;N d/ gqPB fe; soK u[D/ rJ/ jB, gqPB ;jh jB iK BjhA ns/ d{ik,
fttjko dh ftftXsk, noEks eh ;wkB fe;w d/ fttjko dk nfXn?B ehsk frnk j?. i/eo fJ~e N?;N
fJ~e' jh ;w/A ft~u ftfGzB soK d/ fttjko dk nfXn?B eo/rk, sK fJj T[; N?;N s'A x~N ftPtk;:'r j't/rk,
fijVk ;wkB fttjko dk nfXn?B eodk j?. TY[dkjoD bJh, i/eo fJ~e gqPB ft~u e/tb r[Dk d/ jh gqPB
jB ns/ d{i/ ft~u i'V, xNkn, ftGkiB ns/ r[Dk d/ gqPB jB, sK gfjb/ N?;N ft~u d{i/ d/ w[ekpb/
fInkdk nzso^wd ;fEosk j't/rh, feUAfe i/eo fJ~e ftfdnkoEh d{i/ N?;N ft~u 10 dk ;e'o b?Adk j?, sK
fJj d~;Dk w[Pfeb j't/rk fe Uj ftfdnkoEh i'V, xNkn iK ftGkiB iK r[Dk ft~u uzrk j? iK BjhA. fJ;
bJh ;ko/ ftP/ ftPw gohyD d/ gq:'r Bkb s[bBk BjhA ehs/ ik ;ed/. j[D gqPB fJj T[Zmdk j? fe fijVk
N?;N n;hA Gft~ytkDh bJh gq:'r eoBk ukj[zd/ jK Uj ftPw j? iK ;iksh. ukj/ fJ~e ;iksh N?;N uzrk
j[zdk j?, fco th gqPB T[Zmdk j?L eh fJ~e ;iksh N?;N fJ~e ftPw N?;N pko/ Gft~ytkDh eo ;edk j?<
fJ; bJh i/eo n;hA ftPw fttjko Bz{ wkgDk j? sK ;kBz{ ftPw N?;N b?Dk gt/rk ns/ fJ; ft~u rbsh dh
wksok Bz{ ekp{ eoBk gt/rk. wzB bU, i/eo fJ~e p[~Xh N?;N ftPw j? ns/ fJj uzrh Gft~ytkDh th eo
;edk j?, gqzs{ i/eo fJj fJ~e p?Noh o{g ft~u j? ns/ fJ~e ;w/A ft~u fJ~e jh :'rsk wkgdk j? ns/ e[b i'V
ft~u eJh :'rsktK th wkgdk j?. fJ; ftXh ft~u ftPtk;:'rsk r[DKe dh rDBk eoD bJh eJh ckow{b/
jB, gqzs{ fBwB ckow{bk ;G s'A nfXe bkGekoh ns/ gqufbs j?. fJ; Bz{ e/ nko ckow{bk fejk ikdk j?L
n σ 2 – ∑ pq
r = ×
11 n –1 σ 2
fi~E/, r = g{o/ N?;N dk ftPtk;:'rsk r[DKe
11
n = fJ~e N?;N ft~u wdK dh ;zfynk
σ = fJ~e N?;N ft~u ;e'oK dk w~XwkB ftubD
p = jo gqPB ;jh j~b eoD tkb/ ftfdnkoEhnK dk nB[gks

q = (1 – p) jo gqPB rbs j~b eoD tkb/ ftfdnkoEhnK dk nB[gks
“e/
eq'Bp?e B/ fJ; ckow{b/ Bz{ rfDfse s"o s/ wkDehfeqs ehsk ns/ fJ; Bshi/ s/ gj[zfunkL “e/“e/
“e/
1951 ft~u, eq'Bp?e eq'Bp?e “e/
eq'Bp?e
eq'Bp?e
nko r[DKe n;b ft~u ;ko/ noX^ftGkiB r[DkeK dk w~XwkB j? fijV/ fJ~e N?;N dhnK ftfGzB
nko r[DKe n;b ft~u ;ko/ noX^ftGkiB r[DkeK dk w~XwkB j? fijV/ fJ~e N?;N dhnK ftfGzB
nko r[DKe n;b ft~u ;ko/ noX^ftGkiB r[DkeK dk w~XwkB j? fijV/ fJ~e N?;N dhnK ftfGzB
nko r[DKe n;b ft~u ;ko/ noX^ftGkiB r[DkeK dk w~XwkB j? fijV/ fJ~e N?;N dhnK ftfGzB
nko r[DKe n;b ft~u ;ko/ noX^ftGkiB r[DkeK dk w~XwkB j? fijV/ fJ~e N?;N dhnK ftfGzB
ftGkiBK s'A gqkgs j[zd/ jB, gqzs{ id'A s~e N?;N wdK T[Zu ;so s/ ;iksh Bk j'D, e/ nko r[DKe
ftGkiBK s'A gqkgs j[zd/ jB, gqzs{ id'A s~e N?;N wdK T[Zu ;so s/ ;iksh Bk j'D, e/ nko r[DKe
ftGkiBK s'A gqkgs j[zd/ jB, gqzs{ id'A s~e N?;N wdK T[Zu ;so s/ ;iksh Bk j'D, e/ nko r[DKe
ftGkiBK s'A gqkgs j[zd/ jB, gqzs{ id'A s~e N?;N wdK T[Zu ;so s/ ;iksh Bk j'D, e/ nko r[DKe
ftGkiBK s'A gqkgs j[zd/ jB, gqzs{ id'A s~e N?;N wdK T[Zu ;so s/ ;iksh Bk j'D, e/ nko r[DKe
noX^tzv ftPtk;:'rsk s'A x~N j't/rk.”
noX^tzv ftPtk;:'rsk s'A x~N j't/rk.”
noX^tzv ftPtk;:'rsk s'A x~N j't/rk.”
noX^tzv ftPtk;:'rsk s'A x~N j't/rk.”
noX^tzv ftPtk;:'rsk s'A x~N j't/rk.”
noEks, K-R dh ftPtk;:'rsk noX^ftGkiB dh ftPtk;:'rsk d/ pokpo j?, gqzs{ Pos fJ~e' jh j? fe
N?;N ;iksh j't/. fJj ftXh fJ~e ftPw N?;N dh ftPtk;:'rsk gsk eoD bJh ;jh BjhA j?.
ftPtk;:'rsk r[DKe gsk eoD bJh gfjbK, fJj gsk ehsk iKdk j? fe fezB/ gqshPs ftfdnkoEhnK B/
jo gqPB Bz{ ;jh j~b ehsk j? ns/ fezB/ gqshPs ftfdnkoEhnK B/ jo gqPB Bz{ rbs j~b ehsk j?. fJBK Bz{
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