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bdkbZ—31% f'k{kk ,d O;olk;μ vè;kid f'k{kk dk O;kolkf;d fodkl
3- 1944&45 esa LowQy f'k{kk osQ laca/ esa lkjts.V ;kstuk cuk;h xbZ ftldk mís'; Fkkμ uksV
(d) gLrf'kYi vkSj m|ksxksa ls lacaf/r f'k{kk
([k) dEI;wVj ls lacaf/r f'k{kk (x) i;kZoj.k ls lacaf/r f'k{kkA
4- gVk±x lfefr dk xBu fd;k x;kμ
(d) lu~ 1948 ([k) lu~ 1952 (x) lu~ 1929A
31-4 f'k{kk osQ O;olk;hdj.k dh leL;k,¡ (The Problems of Vocationalization
of Education)
eq[; leL;k,¡ (Main Problems)
(1) f'k{kk osQ Lo:i vkSj laxBu dh leL;kμO;kolkf;d f'k{kk dk D;k Lo:i (From) gks vkSj mls oSQls
laxfBr (Organized) fd;k tk;s ;g egÙoiw.kZ leL;k gSA
(2) ikB~;Øe osQ laxBu dh leL;kμfofo/ #fp;ksa osQ fdu&fdu O;olk;ksa osQ ikB~;Øe esa laxfBr fd;k
tk;s] oSQls laxfBr fd;k tk;s ;g Hkh de egÙoiw.kZ leL;k ugha gSA
(3) vè;kidksa osQ izf'k{k.k dh leL;kμgesa f'k{kk osQ O;olk;hdj.k osQ fy, ,sls f'k{kdksa dh vko';drk
gS tks lkekU; f'k{kk osQ fo"k;ksa dks O;olk; osQ lkFk&lkFk lefUor djosQ i<+k losaQA ;fn ,slk ugha fd;k
x;k rks ;g ;kstuk cgqmís'kh; fo|ky;ksa dh Hkk¡fr BIi gks tk;sxhA
(4) funsZ'ku&lEcU/h (Instructional) izfØ;kvksa esa ifjorZu dh leL;kμO;olk;hÑr f'k{kk osQ fy,
lefUor (Integrated) izdkj osQ f'k{k.k dh vko';drk gSA bl O;oLFkk esa O;olk; ,d osQUnzh; fo"k;
gksrk gS vkSj vU; lkekU; fo"k; mlls tqM+s gksrs gSaA osQUnzh; O;olk; osQ ekè;e ls lkekU; fo"k;ksa dks i<+kuk
gksrk gSA tks fo"k; O;olk; osQ ekè;e ls ugha i<+k;s tk ldrs mUgsa LorU=k :i ls i<+k;k tk ldrk gSA
(5) dk;Z'kkyk] iz;ksx'kkyk ,oa midj.k&lEcU/h leL;kμlHkh O;olk;hÑr LowQyksa esa dk;Z'kkyk (Work-
shop)] iz;ksx'kkyk (Laboratories), rFkk lEcfU/r midj.kksa (Equipments) dh vko';drk gksrh gSA
/ukHkko osQ dkj.k budh O;oLFkk v/wjh jg tkrh gSA
(6) izos'k osQ le; Nk=k osQ fy, O;olk; p;u dh leL;kμNk=k dks izos'k osQ le; O;olk; pquuk dfBu
gksrk gSA blosQ fy, O;kolkf;d funsZ'ku dh O;oLFkk dh tk;s tks Nk=k dk vfHk#fp ijh{k.k ys vkSj fo"k;
pquus esa lgk;rk djsA
(7) iz'kklu vkSj fu;U=k.k dh leL;kμbl f'k{kk osQ iz'kklu vksj fu;U=k.k osQ fy, f'k{kk&foHkkx]
Je&foHkkx] m|e&foHkkx] Ñf"k&foHkkx lg;ksx djsaA vosQys f'k{kk&foHkkx bldk iz'kklu vkSj fu;U=k.k
ugha pyk ldrkA
31-5 lkjka'k (Summary)
• f'k{kk osQ O;olk;hdj.k dk vFkZμlkekU; f'k{kk osQ fo"k;ksa osQ lkFk&lkFk fdlh mi;qDr O;olk;]
f'kYi ;k m|ksx dh f'k{kk nsukA
• f'k{kk&O;olk;hdj.k dk egÙoμ(1) thou esa iw.kZrk ykuk] (2) jkstxkj izkfIr] (3) lekt o jk"Vª
dk vk£Fkd fodkl] (4) vkRefuHkZjrk vkuk] (5) euksoSKkfud izo`fr;ksa dh lUrqf"V (6) 'kkjhfjd Je
osQ izfr vknjA
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 331