Page 335 - DEDU505_TEACHER_EDUCATION_HINDI

vè;kid f'k{kk

uksV 32-2 O;kolkf;d f'k{kk esa izxfr (Progress in Vocational Education)

vf/dka'k f'k{kk vk;ksxksa vkSj lfefr;ksa us ;gh lq>ko fn;k gS fd f'k{kk dk O;olk;hdj.k fd;k tk;sA fons'kksa esa
tgk¡ f'k{kk dk O;olk;hdj.k fd;k x;k gS] ogk¡ u rks mPp f'k{kk Lrj ij izos'k osQ fy, HkhM+ gS vkSj u vf/d
csjkstxkjh gh gSA dksBkjh vk;ksx 1964&66 us ;g ckr Li"V dh gS fd Hkkjr osQ osQoy 9 izfr'kr ckyd gh
O;kolkf;d f'k{kk izkIr dj jgs gSaA ;g vU; ns'kksa osQ Nk=k&Nk=kvksa dh izfr'kr ls cgqr gh de gSA bldh deh
osQ fuEufyf[kr dkj.k gSaμ
(1) ljdkj vkSj turk us f'k{kk osQ O;olk;hdj.k dks xEHkhjrk ls ugha fy;kA

(2) O;olk;hÑr f'k{kk nsus osQ fy, mi;qDr vkSj izf'kf{kr f'k{kd ugha fey losaQA
(3) f'k{kk&foHkkx dksbZ funsZ'ku nsus esa l'kDr ugha gS fd ikB~;Øe esa fdrus O;olk;ksa dks fdl izdkj
lek;ksftr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
(4) izf'k{k.k egkfo|ky;ksa vkSj LowQyksa esa O;olkf;d f'k{kk nsus dh i;kZIr lqfo/k,¡ ugha gSaA u iz;ksx'kkyk,¡
gSa] u dk;Z'kkyk,¡] u midj.k gSa vkSj u O;olk; esa izf'kf{kr vè;kid gh gSaA

(5) LowQyksa] dkWystksa vkSj egkfo|ky;ksa us lekt lsok vkSj 'kkjhfjd Je osQ dk;ZØeksa dh mis{kk dh gSA mPp
f'k{kk Lrj ij rks ;g ,dne misf{kr gSA
(6) f'k{kk osQ O;olk;hdj.k dh izfØ;k esa Je&foHkkx] m|ksx&foHkkx vkSj f'k{kk foHkkx esa dksbZ rky&esy
ugha gSaA
(7) turk Lo;a O;olk;hÑr f'k{kk osQ izfr mnklhu gSa] D;ksafd og bldh mi;ksfxrk dks ugha le>rhA

31-3 f'k{kk osQ O;olk;hdj.k osQ fy, iz;Ru (Efforts For Vocationalization of
Education)

1952&53 osQ eqnkfy;j vk;ksx rFkk 1964&66 osQ dksBkjh vk;ksx us ;g laLrqfr;k¡ nh Fkha f'k{kk dk O;olk;hdj.k
fd;k tk;s] de ls de ekè;fed f'k{kk&Lrj rd f'k{kk dks iw.kZr% O;olk;hÑr djus dh laLrqfr;k¡ izLrqr dh
FkhaA bUgksaus lkekU; f'k{kk osQ lkFk&lkFk O;olk;ksa dh f'k{kk nsdj dk;kZuqHko dks c<+kus dh ckr dgh FkhA ijUrq fdlh
Hkh vk;ksx ;k lfefr dh laLrqfr;ksa ij vey djus dk iz;kl ugha fd;k x;kA 1953 esa oqQN cgqmís'kh; fo|ky;
(Multipurpose Schools) [kksyus dh ;kstuk cuk;h x;h Fkh] ijUrq /ukHkko esa og Hkh BIi gks x;hA jk/kÑ".ku
vk;ksx 1948&49 us xk¡oksa esa xzkeh.k fo'ofo|ky; (Rural Universtities) [kksyus dh ;kstuk nh FkhA mls Hkh ykxw
ugha fd;kA o/kZ f'k{kk&;kstuk osQ vUrxZr xk¡/h th us csfld f'k{kk dks dk;kZfUor djus dh ckr ij ckj&ckj cy
fn;k FkkA mls Hkh liQy ugha cuk;k tk ldkA bl izdkj ljdkj us f'k{kk osQ O;olk;hdj.k osQ fy, liQy iz;kl
ugha fd;kA
Hkkjr ljdkj us oqQN ifj;kstukvksa (Projects) dks ikW;yV izkstsDV (Pilot Projects) osQ :i esa pykus dk iz;kl
fd;kA ,slk oqQN vè;;u lfefr;ksa (Study Boards) dh fliQkfj'kksa osQ vk/kj ij fd;k x;kA budh laLrqfr lEcU/h
fjiksVZ 1970 esa izdkf'kr gqbZ FkhA fo'ks"kKksa dh ,d lfefr us bl fjiksVZ dk vè;;u fd;k vkSj oqQN ftyksa vkSj
f'k{kk laLFkkvksa dks bu ifj;kstukvksa osQ lapkyu gsrq pquk Hkh x;kA ijUrq gqvk oqQN ughaA
(v) LorU=krk izkfIr ls iwoZ fd;s x;s iz;Ru (Efforts Made Before Independece)μ1882 bZ- esa f'k{kk dk
Hkkjrh; vk;ksx xfBr gqvkA mls lq>ko fn;k fd LowQy osQ ikB~;Øe esa O;kolkf;d fo"k;ksa dks Hkh j[kk tk;sA ijUrq
fczfV'k ljdkj us bl ij dksbZ vey ugha fd;kA
1929 bZ- esa gjVkWx lfefr (Hartog Committee) dk xBu fd;k x;k ftlus lq>ko fn;k fd fefMy ijh{kk mÙkh.kZ

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